Rhythmic, reciprocal ghrelin and leptin signaling: new insight in the development of obesity

To subjugate NPY is to improve the quality of life and live longer

“…synthesis in ARC perikarya, storage and release in the terminal field in the ARC-PVN axis) showed the episodic rise and fall in NPY release to be temporally correlated with initiation and termination of the appetitive drive (36,39,40). Knowledge of this tight temporal relationship between neurosecretion and behavior greatly assisted in delineating the precise roles of afferent hormonal signals from the periphery, such as leptin from white adipose tissue (WAT), ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY 3 -36) from gastrointestinal tract and insulin from pancreas β-cells, in the release of NPY antecedent to meal initiation (3,4,8,22,35,42,44,52,53,55,60,64,65). Photoperiodic cues and the time of food availability also interact in modulating the periodic antecedent NPY neurosecretion in the ARC-PVN axis (36,39,40,55,60,65).…”

“…This increased energy intake response coalesces into various pathophysiological afflictions that negatively impact the quality of daily life and longevity, namely obesity and the metabolic syndrome cluster of disorders including glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, artherosclerosis, cardiovascular ailments and fatty liver, and disruption in reproduction, fluid homeostasis, temperature control and energy expenditure (12,15,35,(37)(38)(39)42).…”

Efeito protetor do aleitamento materno contra a obesidade infantil

“…The AgRP peptide is a competitive melanocortin receptor antagonist, which blocks the binding of alpha-MSH to the receptor, preventing it from inducing satiety. 54 For Kalra et al, 64 rhythmicity and synchronism in the secretion of leptin, grelin and NPY are important for the daily meal pattern. According to these authors, subtle and progressive problems with this mechanism lead to a positive energy balance, causing excessive weight gain and obesity.…”

Pivotal role of leptin-hypothalamus signaling in the etiology of diabetes uncovered by gene therapy: a new therapeutic intervention?

“…2,8,10,15,23,33,34 In this context, recent attention has been devoted to the disclosure that dynamic physiological fluctuations in circulating titers of leptin, a hormone produced primarily by white adipose tissue under the direction of insulin, have a critical role in conferring glucose homeostasis indirectly through the central nervous system. 10,16,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] The goals of this review are to collate major contributions emanating from research conducted with the aid of gene transfer technology in unraveling the neural etiology of this chronic disease of hyperglycemia, which is correctable by leptin gene therapy confined selectively to the hypothalamus, and that this neurotherapy can be gainfully employed to forestall the pathogenesis of diabetes and varied attendant comorbidities.…”

“…10,33 How these two circuitries relay appropriate signals under the direction of circulating leptin for weight homeostasis has been reviewed extensively. 10,16,23,33,35,42,45,46 More recently, a third leptin-responsive circuit in the hypothalamus, the fat accrual network (FAN) that operates independent of appetite regulating network and EEN to augment glucose metabolism and disposal in the periphery on the one hand, and restrain pancreatic insulin secretion, on the other hand, has been identified ( Figure 1). 10 Whether this hypothalamic circuit may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes is reinforced by the following evidence:…”