Rhythmic gene expression in pituitary depends on heterologous sensitization by the neurohormone melatonin

Gall, Charlotte von; Garabette, Martine L.; Kell, Christian A.; Frenzel, Sascha; Dehghani, Faramarz; Schumm–Draeger, Petra–Maria; Weaver, David R.; Korf, Horst‐Werner; Hastings, Michael H.; Stehle, Jörg H.

doi:10.1038/nn806

Cited by 224 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A critical role of the pineal gland and its products for the SCN-independent expression of Per1 has been inferred from the effects of pinealectomy on the rhythm of Per1 expression in the pituitary cells of hamsters and mice (Messager et al, 2001;von Gall et al, 2002). In these experiments, not only pinealectomy but also the knockout of the melatonin MT1 receptors abolished the diurnal rhythm of the PT mPER1 protein .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pineal Gland is Critical for Circadian Period1 Expression in the Striatum and for Circadian Cocaine Sensitization in Mice

Akhisaroğlu

Ahmed

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

107

106

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Sensitization to psychostimulants can be influenced by circadian rhythms. The pineal gland, the main source of circadian melatonin synthesis, may influence behavioral sensitization to cocaine; mice with normal melatonin rhythms do not get sensitized at night. Clock genes such as Period1 (Per1) show rhythmic region-and strain-dependent expression in the mouse brain, and mice mutant for the Per1 gene lack cocaine sensitization. Here, for the first time we show circadian changes of PER1 protein levels in the mouse striatum, a brain region crucial for the development of locomotor sensitization to cocaine. In male C3H/HeJ mice, we found peak striatal PER1 protein levels during the day; this was preceded by a Per1 mRNA peak 16 h earlier. Pinealectomized mice did not show this circadian pattern. We analyzed circadian cocaine sensitization at times when striatal PER1 protein levels in control mice (naive and sham-pinealectomized) were high and low, respectively. Only mice with circadian changes in striatal Per1 expression showed the night-time absence of cocaine sensitization, whereas pinealectomized mice were without circadian changes in striatal Per1 and were sensitized to cocaine regardless of diurnal rhythm. Our results indicate that both the striatal circadian Per1 expression and diurnal locomotor cocaine sensitization are strongly influenced by pineal products. Since we found evidence for the expression of melatonin receptor mRNA in the striatum, we suggest that further studies on pineal-driven mechanisms will help us better understand the mechanisms of drug abuse and identify novel targets for the prevention and/or treatment of addictions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pineal Gland is Critical for Circadian Period1 Expression in the Striatum and for Circadian Cocaine Sensitization in Mice

Akhisaroğlu

Ahmed

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

107

106

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“…The fact that time-keeping machinery is functional in numerous central neurosecretory cells (Kriegsfeld et al, 2003) and peripheral endocrine tissues (Bittman et al, 2003;Morse et al, 2003;Shieh, 2003;Von Gall et al, 2002;Zylka et al, 1998) represents a mechanism by which SCN targets can anticipate the reception of SCN signals and respond based upon local needs and time of day. In addition, because peripheral systems are controlled hierarchically by multiple upstream components, temporal modification in each "link" along the hypothalamo-pituitary-endocrine gland axis could provide additional control over daily patterns of individual rhythms.…”

Section: Clocks In the Neuroendocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current data indicate that a neural signal from the SCN is necessary for the circadian timing of hormone secretion, while a diffusible signal is sufficient to modulate non-endocrine events such as daily behavioral activities. The identification of core clock genes, clockcontrolled genes (CCG), and their localization in neurosecretory cells (Kriegsfeld et al, 2003;Olcese et al, 2003), the pituitary gland (Shieh, 2003;Von Gall et al, 2002) and a number of peripheral endocrine glands (Bittman et al, 2003;Morse et al, 2003;Zylka et al, 1998) each provide new opportunities for evaluating the loci and mechanisms of temporal gating of hormone secretion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

Kriegsfeld

Silver

2006

Hormones and Behavior

129

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Hormone secretion is highly organized temporally, achieving optimal biological functioning and health. The master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus coordinates the timing of circadian rhythms, including daily control of hormone secretion. In the brain, the SCN drives hormone secretion. In some instances, SCN neurons make direct synaptic connections with neurosecretory neurons. In other instances, SCN signals set the phase of "clock genes" that regulate circadian function at the cellular level within neurosecretory cells. The protein products of these clock genes can also exert direct transcriptional control over neuroendocrine releasing factors. Clock genes and proteins are also expressed in peripheral endocrine organs providing additional modes of temporal control. Finally, the SCN signals endocrine glands via the autonomic nervous system, allowing for rapid regulation via multisynaptic pathways. Thus, the circadian system achieves temporal regulation of endocrine function by a combination of genetic, cellular, and neural regulatory mechanisms to ensure that each response occurs in its correct temporal niche. The availability of tools to assess the phase of molecular/cellular clocks and of powerful tract tracing methods to assess connections between "clock cells" and their targets provides an opportunity to examine circadian-controlled aspects of neurosecretion, in the search for general principles by which the endocrine system is organized. KeywordsCircadian; Diurnal; Endocrinel; Neurosecretion; Clock genes; Suprachiasmatic Circadian aspects of reproductionThe importance of circadian (about a day) timing in hormone production/secretion has been known since the 1950s when Everett and Sawyer determined that a stimulatory signal occurring during a narrow temporal window on the afternoon of proestrus is necessary for induction of ovulation later that night (Everett and Sawyer, 1950). Such close temporal organization is important for successful reproduction, as numerous hormone-dependent behavioral and physiological processes must be coordinated. If optimal temporal relationships are disrupted, pronounced deficits in fertility can result. For example, ovulation, behavioral estrus, fertilization, and pregnancy maintenance require a specific

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“…In recent years, several authors have reported antiphase circadian expression of Bmal1 versus Per1 and Per2 mRNAs in eye, heart, kidney and lung sampled from rat at different times of the day (Oishi et al, 1998a,b); whereas in the mouse, other authors described the oscillatory expression of the Per3 mRNA in liver, skeletal muscle and testis (Zylka et al, 1998) and of the Per1 mRNA and PER1 protein in pars tuberalis (von Gall et al, 2002). However, the previous evidence of a circadian oscillation of clock genes in the testis has recently been challenged (Miyamoto et al, 1999;Fu et al, 2002;Alvarez et al, 2003;and Morse et al, 2003).…”

Section: Peripheral Clocks Are Responsible For Overt Circadian Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only evidence for regulation of a canonical clock gene by a SCN-driven hormone under in vivo conditions is the finding that in the mouse pars tuberalis the circadian expression of mPer1 is dependent upon endogenous melatonin (von Gall et al, 2002). These authors studied the pars tuberalis of pinealectomized mice and found no oscillation of Per1 expression, whereas the analysis of mice carrying a deletion of the melatonin receptor showed low levels of PER1 protein in the pars tuberalis.…”

Section: Peripheral Clocks Are Responsible For Overt Circadian Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Circadian Timing System: Making Sense of day/night gene expression

et al. 2004

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The circadian time-keeping system ensures predictive adaptation of individuals to the reproducible 24-h day/ night alternations of our planet by generating the 24-h (circadian) rhythms found in hormone release and cardiovascular, biophysical and behavioral functions, and others. In mammals, the master clock resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The molecular events determining the functional oscillation of the SCN neurons with a period of 24-h involve recurrent expression of several clock proteins that interact in complex transcription/translation feedback loops. In mammals, a glutamatergic monosynaptic pathway originating from the retina regulates the clock gene expression pattern in the SCN neurons, synchronizing them to the light:dark cycle. The emerging concept is that neural/humoral output signals from the SCN impinge upon peripheral clocks located in other areas of the brain, heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, fibroblasts, and most of the cell phenotypes, resulting in overt circadian rhythms in integrated physiological functions. Here we review the impact of day/night alternation on integrated physiology; the molecular mechanisms and input/output signaling pathways involved in SCN circadian function; the current concept of peripheral clocks; and the potential role of melatonin as a circadian neuroendocrine transducer.

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Rhythmic gene expression in pituitary depends on heterologous sensitization by the neurohormone melatonin

Cited by 224 publications

References 34 publications

The Pineal Gland is Critical for Circadian Period1 Expression in the Striatum and for Circadian Cocaine Sensitization in Mice

The Pineal Gland is Critical for Circadian Period1 Expression in the Striatum and for Circadian Cocaine Sensitization in Mice

The regulation of neuroendocrine function: Timing is everything

The Circadian Timing System: Making Sense of day/night gene expression

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