Rhythmic and interval‐based temporal orienting in autism

Cannon, Jonathan; Eldracher, Emelie; Cardinaux, Annie; Irfan, Fatima; Bungert, Lindsay; Li, Cindy; O’Brien, Amanda; Treves, Isaac; Diamond, Sidney; Sinha, Pawan

doi:10.1002/aur.2892

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Collectively these CNV and phase coherence data suggest less precision in the alignment of neural activity with temporally predictable events. This idea is further bolstered by findings that individuals with ASD are impaired in their ability to adapt to changes in auditory tempo (Vishne et al, 2021;Kasten et al, 2023) during cued tapping tasks (but see Cannon et al, 2023). This failure to properly entrain to events and its implications for predictive processing in ASD supports altered physiological synchronization with non-social stimuli in ASD.…”

Section: Predictive Processing and The Role Of Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Do we all synch alike? Brain–body-environment interactions in ASD

Beker,

Molholm

2023

Front. Neural Circuits

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by rigidity of routines and restricted interests, and atypical social communication and interaction. Recent evidence for altered synchronization of neuro-oscillatory brain activity with regularities in the environment and of altered peripheral nervous system function in ASD present promising novel directions for studying pathophysiology and its relationship to ASD clinical phenotype. Human cognition and action are significantly influenced by physiological rhythmic processes that are generated by both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Normally, perception occurs in a dynamic context, where brain oscillations and autonomic signals synchronize with external events to optimally receive temporally predictable rhythmic information, leading to improved performance. The recent findings on the time-sensitive coupling between the brain and the periphery in effective perception and successful social interactions in typically developed highlight studying the interactions within the brain–body-environment triad as a critical direction in the study of ASD. Here we offer a novel perspective of autism as a case where the temporal dynamics of brain–body-environment coupling is impaired. We present evidence from the literature to support the idea that in autism the nervous system fails to operate in an adaptive manner to synchronize with temporally predictable events in the environment to optimize perception and behavior. This framework could potentially lead to novel biomarkers of hallmark deficits in ASD such as cognitive rigidity and altered social interaction.

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Section: Predictive Processing and The Role Of Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Do we all synch alike? Brain–body-environment interactions in ASD

Beker,

Molholm

2023

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…Collectively these CNV and phase coherence data suggest less precision in the alignment of neural activity with temporally predictable events. This idea is further bolstered by findings that individuals with ASD are impaired in their ability to adapt to changes in auditory tempo 2728 during cued tapping tasks (but see Cannon et al 67 ). This failure to properly entrain to events and its implications for predictive processing in ASD supports altered physiological synchronization with non-social stimuli in ASD.…”

Section: Predictive Processing and The Role Of Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do we all synch alike? Brain-body-environment interactions in Autism

Beker,

Molholm

2023

Preprint

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by rigidity of routines and restricted interests, and atypical social communication and interaction. Recent evidence for altered synchronization of neuro-oscillatory brain activity with regularities in the environment and altered peripheral nervous system function in ASD present promising novel directions for studying pathophysiology and its relationship to ASD clinical phenotype. Normally, perception occurs in a dynamic context, where brain oscillations synchronize with external events to optimally receive temporally predictable information, leading to improved performance. In ASD, however, predictions are not applied in a typical manner. Impaired ability to adapt to contextual changes to anticipate upcoming events would lead to a highly unpredictable environment and failures in communication and might play a major role in the symptomatology of the condition. Recent findings on temporal dynamics of signals from the brain and the body in successful social interactions highlight this as a critical direction in the study of ASD. Given the tight, time-sensitive coupling between the brain and the periphery in cognition and social interactions, we offer a novel perspective of autism as a case where the temporal dynamics of brain-body-environment coupling is impaired. The following perspective takes evidence in the literature to support a physiological framework of how the nervous system fails to operate in an adaptive manner to synchronize with temporally predictable events in the environment to optimize perception and reaction in ASD. This physiological framework could potentially illuminate the hallmark deficits in ASD: Cognitive rigidity, and altered social interaction.

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“…Autism is also associated with symptoms of misophonia (Williams et al, 2022; Williams, He, et al, 2021), and in misophonic people, attention may be captured by repetitive trigger sounds (da Silva & Sanchez, 2019; Simner et al, 2022). Thus, autistic people might be very well able to effectively predict repetition of stimuli (Cannon et al, 2023; Sharer et al, 2015)—indeed, some might be frustrated due to knowing that an aversive stimulus will soon repeat itself—but due to focusing their attention on the repetitive stimuli, they might continue to show a strong response instead of habituating. This account has intuitive appeal to the autistic first author of this paper and comports with his personal experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children

Dwyer,

Williams,

Vukusic

et al. 2023

Autism Research

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Prior studies suggest that habituation of sensory responses is reduced in autism and that diminished habituation could be related to atypical autistic sensory experiences, for example, by causing brain responses to aversive stimuli to remain strong over time instead of being suppressed. While many prior studies exploring habituation in autism have repeatedly presented identical stimuli, other studies suggest group differences can still be observed in habituation to intermittent stimuli. The present study explored habituation of electrophysiological responses to auditory complex tones of varying intensities (50–80 dB SPL), presented passively in an interleaved manner, in a well‐characterized sample of 127 autistic (MDQ = 65.41, SD = 20.54) and 79 typically developing (MDQ = 106.02, SD = 11.50) children between 2 and 5 years old. Habituation was quantified as changes in the amplitudes of single‐trial responses to tones of each intensity over the course of the experiment. Habituation of the auditory N2 response was substantially reduced in autistic participants as compared to typically developing controls, although diagnostic groups did not clearly differ in habituation of the P1 response. Interestingly, the P1 habituated less to loud 80 dB sounds than softer sounds, whereas the N2 habituated less to soft 50 dB sounds than louder sounds. No associations were found between electrophysiological habituation and cognitive ability or participants' caregiver‐reported sound tolerance (Sensory Profile Hyperacusis Index). The results present study results extend prior research suggesting habituation of certain sensory responses is reduced in autism; however, they also suggest that habituation differences observed using this study's paradigm might not be a primary driver of autistic participants' real‐world sound intolerance.

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Rhythmic and interval‐based temporal orienting in autism

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Do we all synch alike? Brain–body-environment interactions in ASD

Do we all synch alike? Brain–body-environment interactions in ASD

Do we all synch alike? Brain-body-environment interactions in Autism

Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children

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