Rhombencephalic pathways and neurotransmitters controlling deglutition

Bieger, D.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00824-5

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The functional role of this population is unknown although it has recently been shown to project to brain regions important for sensory, but not autonomic, respiratory, or endocrine regulation (Stornetta et al, 2012). Additionally they may be responsible for fast cholinergic EPSPs found in cNA motoneurons (Zhang et al, 1983) or cholinergic modulation of NTS or respiratory function (Bieger, 2001; Shao and Feldman, 2009). Given their location adjacent to the raphe, this population may be derived from the V3l, Lmx1b domain that also produces serotoninergic neurons (Cheng et al, 2003; Ding et al, 2003; Craven et al, 2004; Pattyn et al, 2004; Alenina et al, 2006; Zhao et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription factors define the neuroanatomical organization of the medullary reticular formation

Gray¹

2013

Front. Neuroanat.

134

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The medullary reticular formation contains large populations of inadequately described, excitatory interneurons that have been implicated in multiple homeostatic behaviors including breathing, viserosensory processing, vascular tone, and pain. Many hindbrain nuclei show a highly stereotyped pattern of localization across vertebrates suggesting a strong underlying genetic organization. Whether this is true for neurons within the reticular regions of hindbrain is unknown. Hindbrain neurons are derived from distinct developmental progenitor domains each of which expresses distinct patterns of transcription factors (TFs). These neuronal populations have distinct characteristics such as transmitter identity, migration, and connectivity suggesting developmentally expressed TFs might identify unique subpopulations of neurons within the reticular formation. A fate-mapping strategy using perinatal expression of reporter genes within Atoh1, Dbx1, Lmx1b, and Ptf1a transgenic mice coupled with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to address the developmental organization of a large subset of reticular formation glutamatergic neurons. All hindbrain lineages have relatively large populations that extend the entire length of the hindbrain. Importantly, the location of neurons within each lineage was highly constrained. Lmx1b- and Dbx1- derived populations were both present in partially overlapping stripes within the reticular formation extending from dorsal to ventral brain. Within each lineage, distinct patterns of gene expression and organization were localized to specific hindbrain regions. Rostro-caudally sub-populations differ sequentially corresponding to proposed pseudo-rhombomereic boundaries. Dorsal-ventrally, sub-populations correspond to specific migratory positions. Together these data suggests the reticular formation is organized by a highly stereotyped developmental logic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription factors define the neuroanatomical organization of the medullary reticular formation

Gray¹

2013

Front. Neuroanat.

134

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“…The esophageal distension-gastric relaxation reflex (EGR), or "receptive relaxation reflex" first described by Cannon and Leib (10), is a possible exception. Vagal distension-sensitive afferents in the esophagus of the rat (19,45) project to a highly circumscribed region of the NTS, the subnucleus centralis (cNTS) (2,7,8,23,29,30,39,41). The cNTS is composed of neurons with two clearly defined neurochemical phenotypes: a dense "core" with nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive (NOS-IR) neurons and an outer thin "shell" of neurons that contain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH-IR; i.e., catecholaminergic neurons) (41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal-gastric relaxation reflex in rat: dual control of peripheral nitrergic and cholinergic transmission

Hermann

Travagli²,

Rogers

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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It has long been known that the esophageal distension produced by swallowing elicits a powerful proximal gastric relaxation. Gastroinhibitory control by the esophagus involves neural pathways from esophageal distension-sensitive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius centralis (cNTS) with connections to virtually all levels of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). We have shown recently that cNTS responses are excitatory and primarily involve tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells, whereas the DMV response involves both an alpha1 excitatory and an alpha2 inhibitory response. In the present study, using an esophageal balloon distension to evoke gastric relaxation (esophageal-gastric reflex, EGR), we investigated the peripheral pharmacological basis responsible for this reflex. Systemic administration of atropine methyl nitrate reduced the amplitude of the gastric relaxation to 52.0+/-4.4% of the original EGR, whereas NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reduced it to 26.3+/-7.2% of the original EGR. Concomitant administration of atropine methyl nitrate and L-NAME reduced the amplitude of the gastric relaxation to 4.0+/-2.5% of control. This reduction in the amplitude of induced EGR is quite comparable (4.3+/-2.6%) to that seen when the animal was pretreated with the nicotinic ganglionic blocker hexamethonium. In the presence of bethanechol, the amplitude of the esophageal distension-induced gastric relaxation was increased to 177.0+/-10.0% of control; administration of L-NAME reduced this amplitude to 19.9+/-9.5%. Our data provide a clear demonstration that the gastroinhibitory control by the esophagus is mediated via a dual vagal innervation consisting of inhibitory nitrergic and excitatory cholinergic transmission.

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“…It has been postulated that the lateral portion of the NTS comprising the intermediate, central, interstitial, ventral and ventrolateral subdivisions of the nucleus may be involved in the triggering and programming of swallowing [22], [33], [41], [42]. However, complex neuronal connections exist among the various subnuclei of the NTS [35], [41], [43], suggesting the involvement and integration of neurons of different subnuclei.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, complex neuronal connections exist among the various subnuclei of the NTS [35], [41], [43], suggesting the involvement and integration of neurons of different subnuclei. Several neurotransmitter systems have been reported to play a role in the swallowing mechanism [22], [44], [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids Facilitate the Swallowing Reflex Elicited by the Superior Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation in Rats

et al. 2012

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Cannabinoids have been reported to be involved in affecting various biological functions through binding with cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2). The present study was designed to investigate whether swallowing, an essential component of feeding behavior, is modulated after the administration of cannabinoid. The swallowing reflex evoked by the repetitive electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in rats was recorded before and after the administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55-212-2 (WIN), with or without CB1 or CB2 antagonist. The onset latency of the first swallow and the time intervals between swallows were analyzed. The onset latency and the intervals between swallows were shorter after the intravenous administration of WIN, and the strength of effect of WIN was dose-dependent. Although the intravenous administration of CB1 antagonist prior to intravenous administration of WIN blocked the effect of WIN, the administration of CB2 antagonist did not block the effect of WIN. The microinjection of the CB1 receptor antagonist directly into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) prior to intravenous administration of WIN also blocked the effect of WIN. Immunofluorescence histochemistry was conducted to assess the co-localization of CB1 receptor immunoreactivity to glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or glutamate in the NTS. CB1 receptor was co-localized more with GAD67 than glutamate in the NTS. These findings suggest that cannabinoids facilitate the swallowing reflex via CB1 receptors. Cannabinoids may attenuate the tonic inhibitory effect of GABA (gamma-aminobuteric acid) neurons in the central pattern generator for swallowing.

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Rhombencephalic pathways and neurotransmitters controlling deglutition

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Transcription factors define the neuroanatomical organization of the medullary reticular formation

Transcription factors define the neuroanatomical organization of the medullary reticular formation

Esophageal-gastric relaxation reflex in rat: dual control of peripheral nitrergic and cholinergic transmission

Cannabinoids Facilitate the Swallowing Reflex Elicited by the Superior Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation in Rats

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