Rhodotorula glutinis keratitis

Guerra, Roberto; Cavallini, Gian Maria; Longanesi, L.; Casolari, Chiara; Bertoli, G; Rivasi, Francesco; Fabio, U

doi:10.1007/bf00916440

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Allescheria ) boydii , Sporothrix schenckii , Verticillium spp., Acremonium spp., Fusidium spp., Sterigmatocystis nigra , Paecilomyces lilacinus , Periconia keratitidis , Neurospora spp., Volutella spp., Glenospora spp., Penicillium spp., Penicillium citrinum , Penicillium spinulosum , Graphium spp., Fusarium solani , Fusarium nivale , Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans , Candida guilliermondii , Candida viswanathii , Candida krusei , Rhodotorula spp., Colletotrichum state of Glomerella cingulata , Acrophialophora fusispora , Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae , Helminthosporium , Neosartorya fischeri var. fischeri , Arthrobotrys oligospora , Trichophyton mentagrophytes , Epidermophyton floccosum 19–42 . Species of Aspergillus , Fusarium, and Candida have been found to be the most common agent.…”

Section: Worldwide Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotic keratitis: an overview of diagnosis and therapy

Shukla

Kumar

Keshava

2008

Mycoses

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The increased incidence of fungal infections in the recent past has been attributed to the increase in the number of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and AIDS patients. Early diagnosis of mycoses in patients is crucial for prompt antifungal therapy. The yield of clinical examination in the diagnosis of keratomycosis is 63-83% and KOH mount is 91%. This still highlights the limitation of routine clinical examination and smear examination, which is not performing 100% efficiently. It is for these 37%, 17% and 9% of cases, every day advanced technologies are called for. Those who deal with patient care are aware of certainties and uncertainties of results of clinical examination. The best reported figures at specialized centres might not translate into clinical practice. Another factor to be kept in mind is that many patients who come after secondary and tertiary referrals are already treated with antibiotics, antivirals, steroids and sometimes even antifungals that distort the clinical picture completely. Further, one has to consider as well the cases caused by yeast-like fungi, which resemble bacterial keratitis. Confirmation of diagnosis, not only in case of mycotic keratitis but also for other diseases, to initiate prompt and accurate therapy would avoid unnecessary and indiscriminate use of steroids/antibacterials/antivirals and antifungals.

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Section: Worldwide Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotic keratitis: an overview of diagnosis and therapy

Shukla

Kumar

Keshava

2008

Mycoses

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“…Although most species of the genus Rhodotorula are non-pathogenic, some species have been regarded as emerging yeast pathogens (Hazen, 1995) amongst which Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is the most frequently isolated from human infections. In addition, Rhodotorula minuta (Goldani et al, 1995) and Rhodotorula glutinis (Guerra et al, 1992 ;Casolari et al, 1992) are also isolated from human infections. In general, such Rhodotorula species are involved in fungaemia and endocarditis of immunocompromised hosts ; however, Rhodotorula species are also isolated from corneal 01627 # 2001 IUMS Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Rhodotorula and related basidiomycetous yeasts inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

Biswas¹,

Yokoyama²,

Nishimura³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Phylogenetic relationships of basidiomycetous yeasts, especially of the genus Rhodotorula, were studied using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The results demonstrated that the basidiomycetous yeasts under investigation distributed into two main clusters: one containing Tremellales, Filobasidiales and their anamorphs and the other containing Ustilaginales, Sporidiales and their anamorphs. This clustering in turn correlates with cell wall biochemistry, presence or absence of xylose, and septal ultrastructure, dolipore or simple pore. Bullera, Bulleromyces, Filobasidiella, Cryptococcus and Trichosporon, yeasts of the former cluster, contain xylose in the cell wall and have dolipore septa. In contrast yeasts of the latter cluster, which included Bensingtonia, Erythrobasidium, Leucosporidium, Malassezia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, Sporobolomyces and Ustilago, have no xylose in the cell wall and have a simple pore septum. Yeasts of the latter group could be further divided into four clades (A-D). Species of Rhodotorula were distributed in all of these clades, indicating the polyphyletic nature of the genus. A limited number of Rhodotorula species demonstrated identical sequences, for example Rhodotorula bacarum and Rhodotorula foliorum, Rhodotorula fujisanensis and Rhodotorula futronensis, Rhodotorula glutinis var. dairenensis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. However, all the other test species of the genus Rhodotorula were well separated based on their 396 bp nucleotide sequences. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of cytochrome b sequences for both species identification and the study of phylogenetic relationships among basidiomycetous yeasts.

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“…This explains its predilection for causing sepsis in patients that have chronic indwelling catheters. Ocular Rhodotorula infections have been reported in the form of keratitis [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11], scleritis [12], dacryosystitis [6] and endophthalmitis [13, 14, 15, 16]. The first reported case of Rhodotorula keratitis was by Wawer in 1965 [3].…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, under certain conditions, such as in a biofilm, this organism can form extensive pseudomycelium [17]. Furthermore, a case of a corneal button removed for Rhodotorula infection in Italy in 1992 demonstrated that pseudomycelium, although not seen in vitro, is a morphology that can manifest in corneal infections [4]. To our knowledge, Rhodotorula pseudomycelium seen in vivo has not been reported.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodotorula Keratitis: A Rarely Encountered Ocular Pathogen

Giovannini

Lee

Zhang

et al. 2014

Case Rep Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To describe a case of fungal keratitis involving an atypical organism with confirmatory in vivo confocal microscopy and to review the literature on Rhodotorula keratitis. Methods: Case report and review of the medical literature. Results: A 22-year-old college student was struck in the left eye with a tree branch and subsequently developed pain, redness and photophobia. Upon presentation, visual acuity was 20/200 and there was a large epithelial defect with diffuse stromal inflammation involving the anterior one-third of the cornea. Cultures of the infiltrate were performed for bacterial, viral and fungal organisms that resulted in a positive culture for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Fungal elements were confirmed in vivo by confocal microscopy. The patient was treated with voriconazole initially and had amphotericin added once Rhodotorula infection was confirmed. The patient responded well clinically, and one month after therapy was initiated, the corneal infiltrate had resolved leaving mild anterior stromal haze. Upon completion of therapy at three months, the patient was asymptomatic, had a clear cornea and had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in the involved eye. There was no measurable change in his manifest refraction. Conclusions: Prior cases of Rhodotorula keratitis most often required surgical intervention and were associated with poor outcomes. This case shows that Rhodotorula keratitis can be successfully treated with topical antifungal agents if diagnosed early and appropriate treatment is initiated promptly. We report the first case of Rhodotorula keratitis confirmed by in vivo confocal microscopy. This is also the first description of pseudomycelium formation that has not been previously described in vivo, a morphological structure that this organism rarely demonstrates. Finally, this case shows that confocal microscopy may aid in the early diagnosis and management of fungal keratitis involving this rare but potentially damaging organism.

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Rhodotorula glutinis keratitis

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Mycotic keratitis: an overview of diagnosis and therapy

Mycotic keratitis: an overview of diagnosis and therapy

Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Rhodotorula and related basidiomycetous yeasts inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

Rhodotorula Keratitis: A Rarely Encountered Ocular Pathogen

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