Rhododendron Molle (Ericaceae): phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology

Cai, Yongqing; Hu, Jianhui; Qin, Jie; Sun, Tao; Li, Xiaoli

doi:10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30073-6

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[9] To date, over 67 compounds have been isolated and identified from R. molle, including diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, lignans and so on. [10] The extracts monomers isolated from the root, flower and fruits of R. molle have been used as effective agents for treating rheumatoid inflammation diseases, hypertension, anesthetic and analgesics, chronic bronchitis, skin tinea, and killing pest, etc. [11 -13] Our research also shows that R. molle has strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities, especially for Staphylococcus aureus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15] Among these compounds in R. molle, the diterpenes are the most important characteristic constituents, including 34 compounds, such as rhodomolleins I -XIX, grayanotoxins I -III, rhodojaponins I -VI, etc. [10] The structurally unique diterpenes in R. molle are mainly grayananetype diterpenes and have a broad spectrum of activities, such as anti-nociceptive effect, insecticidal effect, and antihypertensive effects. So far, over 16 common flavonoids and seven interesting lignans have been isolated from the R. molle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, over 16 common flavonoids and seven interesting lignans have been isolated from the R. molle. [10] So, many researches have confirmed that the roots, flowers, and fruits of R. molle had different pharmacological activities for treating various diseases. Besides, R. molle is a poisonous plant, and the diterpenes are the major toxic components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Anti‐Inflammatory Properties of Rhododendron molle Leaf Extract in LPS‐Induced RAW264.7

Zong

Zhang

Dai

et al. 2020

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Rhododendron molle G.Don is a well-known traditional medicine which has been used to treat rheumatic inflammation. In this study, an inflammatory model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was established to analyze the anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanism of the methanol extract of R. molle leaves (RLE). The production of NO and the expression of tumor necrosis factor by LPS were detected by Griess reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS was measured by qRT-PCR assay. Griess and qRT-PCR showed that the RLE could significantly concentration-dependently inhibit NO production and the expression of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory-related enzymes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that RLE could inhibit LPSstimulated RAW264.7 macrophages activation. The protein level of TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased over 50 % at 100 μg/ml of RLE, as detected by ELISA. These results indicated that RLE had strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Anti‐Inflammatory Properties of Rhododendron molle Leaf Extract in LPS‐Induced RAW264.7

Zong

Zhang

Dai

et al. 2020

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…Rhododendron molle, belonging to the Ericaceae family, is a wellknown traditional Chinese herbal widely distributed in the southern region of mainland China. [11] R. molle has been historically applied as an anesthetic and anodyne and is still clinically used today for the treatment of pain, acute and chronic bronchitis, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, and RA. [12,13] Rhodojaponin II (R-II; Figure 1), one of the major bioactive diterpenoids extracted from both roots and leaves of R. molle, has been demonstrated to have significant anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)stimulated mouse macrophagocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodojaponin II inhibits TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in MH7A human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes

Kong

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Rhodojaponin II (R-II) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of R-II on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammation in MH7A rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). We found that R-II treatment at high concentration suppressed the viability of MH7A cells. R-II suppressed the levels of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, and inhibited messenger RNA expression and concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in TNF-α-stimulated RA-FLSs. Additionally, R-II repressed TNF-α-induced activation of the Akt, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88 pathways in MH7A cells. Inhibition of the Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4/MyD88 pathways by the corresponding inhibitors reinforced the inhibitory effect of R-II on TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in MH7A cells. R-II ameliorated the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting inflammation. In conclusion, R-II repressed TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in MH7A cells by inactivating the Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4/MyD88 pathways.

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“…This plant grows mostly under shrubs or trees in the hilly area at the altitude of around 1,000 meters [1]. The medicinal properties of R. molle have been identified dating back to thousands of years ago [2,3]. This plant has been recorded and in length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptome sequencing of Rhododendron molle and identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Zhou

Zhu²

2020

Preprint

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Background: Rhododendron molle (Ericaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, its flower and root have been widely used to treat rheumatism and relieve pain for thousands of years in China. Chemical studies have revealed that R. molle contains abundant secondary metabolites such as terpenoinds, flavonoids and lignans, some of which have exhibited various bioactivities including antioxidant, hypotension and analgesic activity. In spite of immense pharmaceutical importance, the mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites remains unknown and the genomic information is unavailable. Results: To gain molecular insight into this plant, especially on the pharmaceutically important secondary metabolic information, we conducted deep transcriptome sequencing for R. molle flower and root using the Illumina Hiseq platform. In total, 100,603 unigenes were generated through de novo assembly with mean length of 778 bp, 57.1% of these unigenes were annotated in public databases and 17,906 of those unigenes showed significant match in the KEGG database. Unigenes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were annotated, including the TPSs and CYPs that were potentially responsible for the biosynthesis of grayanoids. Moreover, 3,376 transcription factors and 10,828 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also identified. Additionally, we further performed differential gene expression (DEG) analysis of the flower and root transcriptome libraries and identified numerous genes that were specifically expressed or up-regulated in flower.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to generate and thoroughly analyze the transcriptome data of both R. molle flower and root. This study provided an important genetic resource which will shed light on elucidating various secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in R. molle, especially for those with medicinal value and allow for drug development in this plant.

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Rhododendron Molle (Ericaceae): phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

The Anti‐Inflammatory Properties of Rhododendron molle Leaf Extract in LPS‐Induced RAW264.7

The Anti‐Inflammatory Properties of Rhododendron molle Leaf Extract in LPS‐Induced RAW264.7

Rhodojaponin II inhibits TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in MH7A human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes

De novo transcriptome sequencing of Rhododendron molle and identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

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