Rhododendrin in Betula: a reappraisal

Santamour, Frank S.; Lundgren, L.

doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(97)83745-3

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, Santamour (1990) found a short-range attraction of mated BBB females to this compound. Rhododendrol is generated by the hydrolysis of the glycosides containing this aglycone, including betuloside (also known as rhododendrin) and betuloside pentoside (Smite et al, 1993;Julkunen-Tiitto et al, 1996;Santamour and Lundgren, 1997). We found no difference among species in the levels of betuloside, and the highly resistant paper birch actually contained significantly higher levels of two betuloside pentosides than susceptible European white birch (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Inter- and Intra-Specific Variation in Stem Phloem Phenolics of Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) and European White Birch (Betula pendula)

et al. 2011

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Outbreaks of bronze birch borer (BBB) (Agrilus anxius), a wood-boring beetle endemic to North America, have been associated with widespread mortality of birch (Betula spp.). There is substantial inter- and intra-specific variation in birch resistance to BBB. Species endemic to North America, such as paper birch (B. papyrifera), have coevolved with BBB and are more resistant than European and Asian birch species, such as European white birch (B. pendula), which lack an evolutionary history with BBB. Borer larvae feed on stem phloem tissue. Therefore, in search of potential resistance mechanisms against BBB, we compared the constitutive phenolic profile of stem phloem tissue of paper birch with that of European white birch. We also analyzed intraspecific variation in phenolic composition among clones and/or half-siblings of both species. Three phenolics (coumaroylquinic acid, betuloside pentoside A, and a diarylheptanoid hexoside) were detected only in paper birch, and concentrations of six other phenolics were significantly higher in paper birch. These differences may contribute to the high resistance of paper birch to BBB relative to European white birch. There was significant intraspecific variation in four of 17 phenolics found in paper birch and in five of 14 found in European white birch, but clones and half-siblings within each species could not be distinguished by phenolic composition using multivariate analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Previous research has suggested that birch species such as river birch (B. nigra L.), that lack rhododendrol (an arylbutanoid), are resistant to BBB (Santamour, 1990;Santamour and Lundgren, 1997;Nielsen et al, 2011). Moreover, Santamour (1990) found a short-range attraction of mated BBB females to this compound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter- and Intra-Specific Variation in Stem Phloem Phenolics of Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) and European White Birch (Betula pendula)

et al. 2011

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“…The absence of rhododendrol, a putative bronze birch borer oviposition stimulant present in the inner bark of some birch species, has been suggested to be associated with resistance to bronze birch borer (Santamour 1990b, Santamour and Lundgren 1997, Santamour 1999. This hypothesis emerged from observations that river birch and monarch birch, which were both considered to be resistant, did not contain this compound, although susceptible species did.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific Variation in Resistance of Asian, European, and North American Birches (Betulaspp.) to Bronze Birch Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

2011

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Bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius Gory) is the key pest of birches (Betula spp.) in North America, several of which have been recommended for ornamental landscapes based on anecdotal reports of borer resistance that had not been confirmed experimentally. In a 20-yr common garden experiment initiated in 1979 in Ohio, North American birch species, including paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall), 'Whitespire' gray birch (Betula populifolia Marshall), and river birch (Betula nigra L.), were much more resistant to bronze birch borer than species indigenous to Europe and Asia, including European white birch (Betula pendula Roth), downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.), monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana Regel), and Szechuan white birch (Betula szechuanica Jansson). Within 8 yr of planting, every European white, downy, and Szechuan birch had been colonized and killed, although 100% of monarch birch had been colonized and 88% of these plants were killed after nine years. Conversely, 97% of river birch, 76% of paper birch, and 73% Whitespire gray birch were alive 20 yr after planting, and river birch showed no evidence of colonization. This pattern is consistent with biogeographic theory of plant defense: North American birch species that share a coevolutionary history with bronze birch borer were much more resistant than naïve hosts endemic to Europe and Asia, possibly by virtue of evolution of targeted defenses. This information suggests that if bronze birch borer were introduced to Europe or Asia, it could threaten its hosts there on a continental scale. This study also exposed limitations of anecdotal observation as evidence of host plant resistance.

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“…A Betula-M. humile var. humile combination might be quite rare, in which case we might have merely missed it, or the combination might be prohibited by a certain interaction between plants such as a chemical communication known as allelopathy (Rice 1984) that has been observed in birch (Santamour andLundgren 1997, Keinänen et al 1999). The sister species M. uniflora is known to occur in Betula-dominated forests and to be associated with Russulaceae fungus (Young et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monotropastrum humile var. humile is associated with diverse ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae fungi in Japanese forests

Yamada

Kitamura

Setoguchi

et al. 2008

Ecological Research

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Monotropastrum humile is nearly lacking in chlorophyll and obtains its nutrients, including carbon sources, from associated mycorrhizal fungi. We analyzed the mycorrhizal fungal affinity and species diversity of M. humile var. humile mycorrhizae to clarify how the plant population survives in Japanese forest ecosystems. We classified 78 samples of adult M. humile var. humile individuals from Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyusyu Islands into 37 root mycorrhizal morphotypes. Of these, we identified 24 types as Russula or Lactarius fungal taxa in the Russulaceae, Basidiomycetes, but we could not identify the remaining 13 types in their genus in the Basidiomycetes. The number of fungal species on M. humile var. humile was the highest in the plant subfamily. The diversity of fungal species revealed its increased trends in natural forests at the stand level, fagaceous vegetation, and cool-temperate climate. The most frequently observed fungus colonized mainly samples collected from sub-alpine forests; the second most frequently observed fungus colonized samples collected from sub-alpine to warm-temperate forests. These results suggest that Japanese M. humile populations are associated with specific but diverse fungi that are common ectomycorrhizal symbionts of various forest canopy trees, indicating a tripartite mycorrhizal relationship in the forest ecosystem.

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Rhododendrin in Betula: a reappraisal

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Inter- and Intra-Specific Variation in Stem Phloem Phenolics of Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) and European White Birch (Betula pendula)

Inter- and Intra-Specific Variation in Stem Phloem Phenolics of Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) and European White Birch (Betula pendula)

Interspecific Variation in Resistance of Asian, European, and North American Birches (Betulaspp.) to Bronze Birch Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Monotropastrum humile var. humile is associated with diverse ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae fungi in Japanese forests

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