Rhodococcus equi Infection in Patients with and without Human
          Immunodificiency Virus Infection

Harvey, Roger L.; Sunstrum, James

doi:10.1093/clinids/13.1.139

Cited by 191 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In fact, the CD4 count of patients with CAP caused by R. equi was lower than those of other types of infection and the mortality rate was significantly high compared to another kinds of infection in our study. A marked increase in the incidence of infections caused by R. equi has been reported since the start of the HIV epidemic in 1981 13,14 , and the outcome has been reported to be fatal in 60% of HIV-infected patients and in 28% of HIV-negative individuals 15 . Recent studies indicate that pulmonary infections caused by R .equi are not uncommon in HIV-infected patients in northern Thailand 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in northern Thailand

Watanabe

Asoh

Kobayashi

et al. 2008

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in northern Thailand

Watanabe

Asoh

Kobayashi

et al. 2008

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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“…Since infections with R. equi have been successfully treated with antimicrobial agents with a low level of uptake by macrophages, such as vancomycin, imipenem, and aminoglycosides (157,243,613), and relapses have occurred in patients who have received therapy with antimicrobial agents with a high level of uptake by macrophages, such as rifampin, erythromycin, doxycycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (157,243,420), Nordmann (420). In addition, these researchers suggested that the frequent requirement for longterm therapy in the treatment of R equi infections makes the development of a more effective oral antimicrobial agent(s) imperative (420).…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several antibiotics are active in vitro against R equi (243). Erythromycin and rifampin are the most effective because they produce high concentrations inside phagocytic cells (463), in which R. equi appears to be capable of multiplying.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes.

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“…24 However, the role of domestic animals in the transmission of most of these diseases has not been fully clarified. 5,11,12 In the present study, a majority (4 of 6) of the clinical isolates of R. equi from the patients with AIDS expressed VapB and were of intermediate virulence. Soil from one pig farm in Chiang Mai was contaminated with R. equi of intermediate virulence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…2 The route of infection in humans remains unknown, although contact with farm animals and manure has been reported in about a third of cases. 8,[11][12][13] The majority of R. equi isolates from patients with AIDS are virulent (VapA or VapB positive), whereas most isolates from immunocompromised patients without AIDS were avirulent. 8,13 Thailand has one of the highest rates of HIV-AIDS in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of virulence-associated antigens and plasmids in Rhodococcus equi from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and prevalence of virulent R. equi in soil collected from domestic animal farms in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Takaı̈

Tharavichitkul²,

Sasaki³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The prevalence of virulent Rhodococcus equi in soil collected from 17 domestic animal farms (from 12 cattle, 1 pig, and 4 horse farms) and in 6 clinical specimens from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, was investigated. The isolates were tested for the presence of 15-17-kDa antigens (VapA) and a 20-kDa antigen (VapB) by immunoblotting and for the presence of virulence plasmid DNA. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from most soil samples (68 of 80) obtained from the 17 farms, with 2.0 ϫ 10 2 to 6.0 ϫ 10 5 colony-forming units per gram of soil. We detected VapA in none of the 537 isolates from the soil samples. In one isolate from a pig farm, both VapB and virulence plasmid DNA were detected. Of the 6 clinical isolates from patients with AIDS, however, 4 isolates contained both VapB and virulence plasmid DNA. The remaining 2 isolates were avirulent.

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Rhodococcus equi Infection in Patients with and without Human Immunodificiency Virus Infection

Cited by 191 publications

References 30 publications

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in northern Thailand

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in northern Thailand

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

Identification of virulence-associated antigens and plasmids in Rhodococcus equi from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and prevalence of virulent R. equi in soil collected from domestic animal farms in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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