Rhodium Complex Catalyzed Methanol Carbonylation

Hjortkjaer, Jes; Jensen, Vagn Walther

doi:10.1021/i360057a008

Cited by 83 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Thus it seems reasonable to propose that the aldehydic species formed during reaction arise from CO insertion into carbidic fragments present on the metal surface. The AES and rehydrogenation results with their simi1-arity to those results seen for Fe [17] and Ni [19] indicate that a carbonaceous deposit is present on the surface of the working catalyst that contains little oxygen. Thus we would postulate that aldehyde formation occurs through…”

Section: Kinetics a Typical Plot Of The Accumulation Of Productssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…First, we see almost complete carbony1ation of C2H4 to C2HSCHO when ethylene is added to the reactant mixture. Second, rhodium is well known for its ability to catalyze the carbony1ation of methanol both in homogeneous [18,19] and heterogeneous systems [20][21][22]. In these systems CO insertion into a Rh-CH3 bond is thought to be the key step.…”

Section: Kinetics a Typical Plot Of The Accumulation Of Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces

Watson

1981

Journal of Catalysis

144

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Section: Kinetics a Typical Plot Of The Accumulation Of Productssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Kinetics a Typical Plot Of The Accumulation Of Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces

Watson

1981

Journal of Catalysis

144

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“…Author's own work (1971) von Kutepow et al (1965), Hjortkjaer and Jensen (1976) Frank (1977) Sherwin and Frank (1976), Ramachandran and Sharma ( 1971 ) Kramers et al (1961), Kameoka and Pigford (1977), Teramoto et al (1977Teramoto et al ( ) (1974Teramoto et al ( ,1975 van Direndonck et al Goto and Smith (1975), Levec and Smith (1976) Ladhabhoy andSharma (1969, 1970) (Continued on opposite page) rn…”

Section: Conclusion and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Backmixing in gas‐liquid reactors

1978

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This review evaluates the present state of the art on backmixing in gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactors. A brief outline of numerous techniques for measuring residence time distribution (RTD) of various phases in a multiphase reactor is presented. This is followed by a brief description of differential and stagewise models for characterizing backmixing from RTD measurements. Both simple (that is, single-parameter axial dispersion model) and more complex (that is, two-, three-, or four-parameter models) models are evaluated. Backmixing characteristics of various gas-liquid columns such as trickle beds, spray columns, mechanically agitated columns, plate columns, fluidized bed columns, etc., are subsequently evaluated. The performance of a bubble column under various reaction conditions is analyzed. Criteria for the elimination of backmixing in packed-bed reactors are presented, and the effect of backmixing on the multiple steady states in a gas-liquid reactor is briefly reviewed. Finally, the scale-up problems associated with gas-liquid reactors with various degrees of backmixing and the recommendations for the future work in RTD and macromixing models are outlined. SCOPEIt is well known that backmixing is detrimental to the performance of a gas-liquid or a gas-liquid-solid reactor. This review outlines various aspects of backmixing in gas-liquid reactors.The review first outlines the methods for measuring residence time distributions for various phases in a gasliquid and a gas-liquid-solid reactor. The data for the residence time distributions (RTD) are evaluated by a variety of simple (for example, one-parameter axial dispersion model) and complex (for example, two-, three-, or four-parameter) differential or stagewise macromixing models. These models are briefly evaluated.From the point of view of backmixing, gay-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactors can be classified into three broad categories: film reactors where the liquid is the dispersed phase and flows as a film, for example, trickle-bed reactors; gas dispersed as bubbles in a continuous liquid phase, for example, bubble column and slurry reactors; and liquid dispersed as droplets in a continuous gas phase, for example, spray column reactors. Backmixing characteristics of each of these types of reactors are briefly evaluated. The backmixing in these reactors has been largely characterized on the basis of axial dispersion model. Models for gas-liquid bubble column reactors are briefly reviewed. Slow, fast, and instantaneous gas-liquid reactions are considered. Criteria for eliminating the effect of backmixing on the performance of isothermal and adiabatic trickle-bed reactors are outlined. Unlike a singlephase reactor, an adiabatic gas-liquid reactor can lead to five steady states, and the literature on this unique feature of the gas-liquid reactor is briefly reviewed.Finally, there is a brief outline of the scale-up problems associated with RTD, and some recommendations for the future work on RTD and macromixing models are presented. CONCLUSIONS AND...

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“…Kinetic studies show the reaction to be zero-order in carbon monoxide and methanol, and first-order in rhodium and iodide promoter. The carbonylation rate is strongly affected by the reaction media, but the overall kinetics are unaffected by the solvent, which suggests that it does not participate in the transition state of the rate-determining step [61][62][63][64]. Methanol carbonylation in polar solvents generally provides a rate enhancement, especially with the addition of protic solvents.…”

Section: Carbonylation Of Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetic Acid

Cheung

Tanke

Torrence

2011

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production 4.1. Carbonylation of Methanol 4.2. Direct Oxidation of Saturated Hydrocarbons 4.3. Acetaldehyde Process 4.4. Other Processes 4.5. Concentration and Purification 4.6. Construction Materials 5. Wastewater and Off‐Gas Problems 6. Quality Specifications 7. Analysis 8. Storage, Transportation, and Customs Regulations 9. Uses 10. Derivatives 10.1. Salts 10.1.1. Aluminum Acetate 10.1.2. Ammonium Acetate 10.1.3. Alkali Metal Salts 10.2. Esters 10.2.1. Methyl Acetate 10.2.2. Ethyl Acetate 10.2.3. Butyl Acetate 10.2.4. 2‐Ethylhexyl Acetate 10.2.5. Other Esters 10.3. Acetyl Chloride 10.4. Amides 10.4.1. Acetamide 10.4.2. N,N ‐Dimethylacetamide 10.5. Phenylacetic Acid 11. Economic Aspects 12. Toxicology and Occupational Health

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Rhodium Complex Catalyzed Methanol Carbonylation

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces

The hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over rhodium oxide surfaces

Backmixing in gas‐liquid reactors

Acetic Acid

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