Rhodamine B and rhodamine 101 as reference substances for fluorescence quantum yield measurements

Karstens, Ties; Kobs, K.

doi:10.1021/j100451a030

Cited by 644 publications

(423 citation statements)

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“…Subsequent samples were then prepared to confirm the extinction coefficients. The fluorescence quantum yield for 4 was calculated using rhodamine 6G standard (Φ = 0.88 in ethanol) (63), and the fluorescence quantum yield for 5 was calculated using rhodamine B (Φ = 0.50 in ethanol) (64).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and photophysical studies of self-assembled multicomponent supramolecular coordination prisms bearing porphyrin faces

Shi

Sánchez‐Molina

Cao

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Multicomponent self-assembly, wherein two unique donor precursors are combined with a single metal acceptor instead of the more common two-component assembly, can be achieved by selecting Lewis-basic sites and metal nodes that select for heteroligated coordination spheres. Platinum(II) ions show a thermodynamic preference for mixed pyridyl/carboxylate coordination environments and are thus suitable for such designs. The use of three or more unique building blocks increases the structural complexity of supramolecules. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of rectangular prismatic supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) with two faces occupied by porphyrin molecules, motivated by the search for new multichromophore complexes with promising light-harvesting properties. These prisms are obtained from the self-assembly of a 90°Pt(II) acceptor with a meso-substituted tetrapyridylporphyrin (TPyP) and dicarboxylate ligands. The generality of this self-assembly reaction is demonstrated using five dicarboxylate ligands, two based on a rigid central phenyl ring and three alkyl-spaced variants, to form a total of five free-base and five Zn-metallated porphyrin prisms. All 10 SCCs are characterized by 31 P and 1 H multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, confirming the structure of each self-assembly and the stoichiometry of formation. The photophysical properties of the resulting SCCs were investigated revealing that the absorption and emission properties of the free-base and metallated porphyrin prisms preserve the spectral features associated with free TPyP. supramolecular chemistry | metallacages T he use of sunlight is ubiquitous as the input for carbonneutral, renewable energy schemes (1). Every strategy that relies on solar energy conversion, ranging from direct conversion to electricity in photovoltaics (2) to the generation of fuels via electrocatalysis (3), photoanode (4, 5), or photocathode devices (6), or photocatalysis (7) requires that photons be absorbed by a molecule or material as the first step in providing the driving force for subsequent transformation. Natural systems have evolved light-harvesting complexes, comprising multiprotein ensembles embedded with pigment molecules to enhance photon absorption for photosynthesis (8). These pigment-rich sites are arranged such that excitation of a distal chromophore will ultimately result in energy transfer to a reaction center via a series of migration and transfer processes (9). Strategies to replicate natural light-harvesting complexes necessarily demand the organization of multiple chromophores (10), a requirement that makes self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry particularly well suited for such efforts (11-13). As such, a variety of approaches have been applied toward the development of new materials that exhibit broadband absorption and efficient energy transfer (14-16). The subsequent studies of such materials span investigations of the fundamental science behind energy migration and transfer, t...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and photophysical studies of self-assembled multicomponent supramolecular coordination prisms bearing porphyrin faces

Shi

Sánchez‐Molina

Cao

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This allows the use of Rhodamine as a tracer for the micelles, especially that Rhodamine 101 fluorescence is insensitive to temperature variations. 21,22 The behavior of the fluorescence field is shown in Figure 3a, which shows a drop beginning to interact with the laser. A dip in the fluorescence intensity is observed in the initial moments after the drop begins to be heated by the laser.…”

Section: Spatial Surfactant Redistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Force on a Microfluidic Drop: Origin and Magnitude

Verneuil

Cordero

Gallaire³

et al. 2009

Langmuir

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The localized heating produced by a tightly focused infrared laser leads to surface tension gradients at the interface of microfluidic drops covered with surfactants, resulting in a net force on the drop whose origin and magnitude are the focus of this paper. First, by colocalization of the surfactant micelles with a fluorescent dye, we demonstrate that the heating alters their spatial distribution, driving the interface out of equilibrium. This soluto-capillary effect opposes and overcomes the purely thermal dependence of the surface tension, leading to reversed interfacial flows. As the surface of the drop is set into motion, recirculation rolls are created outside and inside the drop that we measure using time-resolved micro-Particle Image Velocimetry. Second, the net force produced on the drop is measured using an original microfluidic design. For a drop 300 µm-long and 100 µm wide we obtain a force of 180 † Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France ‡ Laboratoire J.A. Dieudonné, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France § Current address:Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1 Emilie Verneuil et al.Laser-induced force on a drop nN for a laser power of 100 mW. This micro-dynanometer further shows that the magnitude of the heating, which is determined by the laser power and its absorption in the water, sets the magnitude of the net force on the drop. On the other hand, the dynamics of the force generation is limited by the time scale for heating which has independently been measured to be τ Θ = 4 ms. This time scale sets the maximum velocity that the drops can have and still be blocked, by requiring that the interface passes the laser spot in a time longer than τ Θ . The maximum velocity is measured at U max = 0.7 mm/s for our geometric conditions. Finally, a scaling model is derived that describes the blocking force in a confined geometry as the result of the viscous stresses produced by the shear between the drop and the lateral walls.

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“…Quartz fluorometric cells (Starna, Inc, 1 cm optical path length) were used in linear optical experiments. Emission quantum yields were measured relative to the fluorescence of Rhodamine B in MeOH (ϕ fl =0.5) [26,27]. Time resolved phosphorescence measurements were performed using an in house constructed phosphorometer [28] modified for time-domain operation.…”

Section: Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic quenching of porphyrin triplet states by two-photon absorbing dyes: Towards two-photon-enhanced oxygen nanosensors

Finikova

Chen

et al. 2008

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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Two-photon-enhanced dendritic nanoprobes are being developed for two-photon (2P) laser scanning microscopy of oxygen [1]. In these molecular constructs, phosphorescence of metalloporphyrins is coupled to two-photon absorption (2PA) of electronically separate antenna dyes via intramolecular Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the originally developed probes, competing electron transfer (ET) between the antennae and the long-lived triplet states of metalloporphyrins partially quenched the phosphorescence, reducing the probe's sensitivity and dynamic range. The rate of such ET can be reduced by tuning the redox potentials of the chromophores. In order to identify the optimal metalloporphyrin-2P antenna pairs, we performed screening of several phosphorescent Pt porphyrins (FRET acceptors) and 2P dyes (FRET donors) using dynamic quenching of phosphorescence. Phosphorescence lifetimes of Pt porphyrins were measured as a function of the dye concentration in organic solutions. The obtained Stern-Volmer quenching constants were correlated with the corresponding ET driving forces (ΔG ET ), calculated using the Rehm-Weller equation. FRET-pairs with minimal quenching rates were identified. The developed approach allows convenient screening of candidate-compounds for covalent assembly of 2P-enhanced triplet nanodevices. Systematic electrochemical measurements in a series of Pt porphyrins with varying peripheral substitution and conjugation pathways are presented.

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Rhodamine B and rhodamine 101 as reference substances for fluorescence quantum yield measurements

Cited by 644 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis and photophysical studies of self-assembled multicomponent supramolecular coordination prisms bearing porphyrin faces

Synthesis and photophysical studies of self-assembled multicomponent supramolecular coordination prisms bearing porphyrin faces

Laser-Induced Force on a Microfluidic Drop: Origin and Magnitude

Dynamic quenching of porphyrin triplet states by two-photon absorbing dyes: Towards two-photon-enhanced oxygen nanosensors

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