Rhizosphere effect and fine-root morphological adaptations in a chronosequence of silver birch stands on reclaimed oil shale post-mining areas

Rosenvald, Katrin; Kuznetsova, Tatjana; Ostonen, Ivika; Truu, Marika; Truu, Jaak; Uri, Veiko; Lõhmus, Krista

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.05.011

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Higher root SRL leads to better exploitation of soil by roots, facilitating nutrient uptake (Richardson et al 2009). Mean (±SE) short-root SRL of birches in Reigi (107 ± 6 mg -1 ) resembles SRL of young (5-year-old) birches growing in afforested oil shale mine areas (112 ± 9 mg -1 ; Rosenvald et al 2011). High soil pH (C7), water deficiency and planted (not naturally regenerated) trees are characteristic of both stands.…”

Section: Morphological Adaptations Of Short Rootsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fine-root rhizosphere and morphological adaptations to site conditions in interaction with tree mineral nutrition in young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands

et al. 2011

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Limited nutrient acquisition from soil is a key process limiting productivity in boreal forest. We investigated short-root morphological adaptations and rhizosphere effect in relation to site conditions in interaction with tree mineral nutrition. We studied seven young (8-to 14-yearold) silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands on abandoned agricultural land in Estonia. Soil pH varied from 3.8 to 7.0, and soil N % from 0.07 to 0.26%. Tree nutrient (NPK) status was expressed by leaf nutrient concentrations. Leaf N correlated negatively with short-root specific length and area. Summed activity (SA) and metabolic diversity of bacteria (by BIOLOG Ecoplate TM ), bacterial community diversity (by DGGE) and pH KCl were determined for rhizosphere (R) and bulk soil (S) to reveal the extent of the rhizosphere effect. Bacterial activity in rhizosphere was 1.4-4.7 times higher than in bulk soil. Ratio SA R /SA S indicating root support to the rhizosphere bacterial communities decreased with increasing bulk soil pH; however, when bulk soil pH was C5, the decrease in SA R /SA S was insignificant, i.e. the rhizosphere effect stayed at a stable level. Diversity of bacterial community was 6% higher in bulk soil than in rhizosphere. Rhizosphere acidification occurred in studied stands when bulk soil pH KCl C 5. Short-root N % correlated positively with SA R /SA S . We concluded that tree N-nutritional status was related to short-root morphological parameters but not to studied microbiological characteristics in the soil of young silver birch stands.

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Section: Morphological Adaptations Of Short Rootsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fine-root rhizosphere and morphological adaptations to site conditions in interaction with tree mineral nutrition in young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands

et al. 2011

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“…The high porosity in ash forces roots to form a bunch of root tips along the surface of ash particles avoiding normal branching. Root tissue density has been found to respond to nutrient availability in experimental conditions (Zobel et al, 2006) as well as in the field (Ostonen et al, 2006;Rosenvald et al, 2011). Lower root tissue density suggests higher metabolic activity and higher nutrient uptake efficiency.…”

Section: Biomass Allocation Leaf and Root Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the pot experiment, the silver birch seedlings were planted on both wastewatertreated filter materials and on a peat/ash mixture (50:50 ratio) for one vegetation period (from May to the end of September 2007). Silver birch was selected because it is a pioneer species in nature (Grime, 1979), and it has already proven to resist inhospitable conditions such as growth in recultivated opencast oil shale mining areas and on semi-coke waste deposits (Ostonen et al, 2006;Lõhmus et al, 2007;Rosenvald et al, 2011). No extra soil was mixed with the filter materials, because we aimed (1) to observe the direct impact of the test material on the seedlings, and (2) to exclude the possibility of our filter material being toxic, and (3) to avoid the test results being compromised by 'foreign' soil material.…”

Section: Pot Experiments With P-enriched Filter Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse potential of phosphorus-rich filter materials from subsurface flow wastewater treatment filters for forest soil amendment

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study was to test P-enriched filter materials from a wastewater treatment experiment regarding their fertilizing efficiency in pot experiments with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings. Tested materials included hydrated calcium-rich oil shale ash and well-mineralised peat. A mixture of peat and hydrated ash demonstrated the best results: seedlings grown on that mixture had the highest P concentration and an optimal N:P:K ratio in leaves. Hydrated ash has a low concentration of heavy metals and almost the same composition as common lime fertilizers. The hydrated ash sediment and its combination with well-mineralised peat enriched with phosphorus in wastewater treatment filters are promising materials for forest soil fertilization.

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“…Morphological plasticity of roots within species can be defined as the response range of root traits to different environments. The traits of roots with primary structure are important for optimizing the mineral nutrition of the plant (Curt and Prévosto, 2003; Comas and Eissenstat, 2004) although they may vary considerably within a family, a genus, and even within a species (Ostonen et al, 2007a,b; Francini and Sebastiani, 2010), and also with tree age (Rosenvald et al, 2011a, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, morphological plasticity of the primary root tips enables trees to survive in primary succession stands, for example following oil-shale mining (Ostonen et al, 2006; Kuznetsova et al, 2010; Rosenvald et al, 2011a), where the pedogenesis only started on detritus (Reintam, 2004). Trees show high SRL and SRA of root tips at young age (Lõhmus et al, 2006; Rosenvald et al, 2011a, 2013), whereby the changes in EcM root morphology of silver birch occur faster at younger age-before the age of 10 years (Rosenvald et al, 2011a, 2013). However, the examples of forests acclimation via plasticity of EcM root tips and general trends in the fine root system over time, e.g., in a chronosequence or in different successional stages of forest are very seldom documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological plasticity of ectomycorrhizal short roots in Betula sp and Picea abies forests across climate and forest succession gradients: its role in changing environments

Ostonen¹,

Rosenvald²,

Helmisaari³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Morphological plasticity of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) short roots (known also as first and second order roots with primary development) allows trees to adjust their water and nutrient uptake to local environmental conditions. The morphological traits (MTs) of short-living EcM roots, such as specific root length (SRL) and area, root tip frequency per mass unit (RTF), root tissue density, as well as mean diameter, length, and mass of the root tips, are good indicators of acclimation. We investigated the role of EcM root morphological plasticity across the climate gradient (48–68°N) in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and (53–66°N) birch (Betula pendula Roth., B. pubescens Ehrh.) forests, as well as in primary and secondary successional birch forests assuming higher plasticity of a respective root trait to reflect higher relevance of that characteristic in acclimation process. We hypothesized that although the morphological plasticity of EcM roots is subject to the abiotic and biotic environmental conditions in the changing climate; the tools to achieve the appropriate morphological acclimation are tree species-specific. Long-term (1994–2010) measurements of EcM roots morphology strongly imply that tree species have different acclimation-indicative root traits in response to changing environments. Birch EcM roots acclimated along latitude by changing mostly SRL [plasticity index (PI) = 0.60], while spruce EcM roots became adjusted by modifying RTF (PI = 0.68). Silver birch as a pioneer species must have a broader tolerance to environmental conditions across various environments; however, the mean PI of all MTs did not differ between early-successional birch and late-successional spruce. The differences between species in SRL, and RTF, diameter, and length decreased southward, toward temperate forests with more favorable growth conditions. EcM root traits reflected root-rhizosphere succession across forest succession stages.

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Rhizosphere effect and fine-root morphological adaptations in a chronosequence of silver birch stands on reclaimed oil shale post-mining areas

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Fine-root rhizosphere and morphological adaptations to site conditions in interaction with tree mineral nutrition in young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands

Fine-root rhizosphere and morphological adaptations to site conditions in interaction with tree mineral nutrition in young silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands

Reuse potential of phosphorus-rich filter materials from subsurface flow wastewater treatment filters for forest soil amendment

Morphological plasticity of ectomycorrhizal short roots in Betula sp and Picea abies forests across climate and forest succession gradients: its role in changing environments

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