“…Despite the immense complexity of teacher development, dominant research and policy perspectives in this area largely remain reductionist and transactional, positioning the teacher as an autonomous actor/empty vessel who takes her learning from her preservice instruction or a professional development (PD) activity and merely transfers it into classroom practice (Opfer & Pedder, 2011; Strom, 2015). However, an emerging body of literature in teacher education reframes teacher learning and practice as emergent phenomena (Ell et al, 2017; Strom, Martin, & Villegas, 2018) that are jointly constructed from the negotiations of multiple situated elements (Anderson & Stillman, 2010; Gatti, 2016), which include not just the teacher and her students but also other classroom-, school-, district-, and policy-level factors (Strom, 2015; Strom & Martin, 2017). To frame and interpret this review of literature, we draw on insights from rhizomatics (Deleuze & Guattari, 1987; Strom, 2015), a critical theory of complexity that provides important conceptual tools for developing a different ontological perspective of teaching and learning about teaching (and the relationship between the two).…”