Rhizoeconomics: Carbon costs of phosphorus acquisition

Lynch, Jonathan P.; Ho, Melissa D.; phosphorus, Low

doi:10.1007/s11104-004-1096-4

Cited by 402 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Besides, they are responsible for the ventilation (root-atmosphere) of excess gas such as ethylene, methane, and carbon dioxide, which can have growth retarding effect at higher concentrations. With the presence of aerenchyma, the metabolic cost also decreases due to a decrease in cell respiration (Lynch and Ho 2005). All of these characteristics attributed to the presence of aerenchyma make the maize 'Saracura' , represented by the 18 th cycle, the most successful in flooded soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-anatomical characterization of root in recurrent selection cycles for flood tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.)

Souza¹,

Castro²,

Pereira³

et al. 2009

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Changes in root anatomical structures at successive cycles of selection (cycle 1 to cycle 18, alternating) were observed in the study of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Saracura-BRS 4154) capable to survive and produce in temporarily flooded soils; this cultivars was developed by the Maize and Sorghum National Research Center through stratified phenotypic recurrent selection for cultivation wetland soils. Field trial was carried out and flooding of the soil was initiated at the six-leaf stage; the soil was flooded with water (20-cm deep) three times per week. Root sample was collected, fixed, and selected for observation in photon microscope. A gradual increase in the number of aerenchyma, the proportion of vascular cylinder, smaller metaxylem, and phloem and epidermis width, and a decrease in exodermis and cortex were observed in successive selection cycles. Such phenotypic changes impart the flood tolerance ability to this maize cultivar.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-anatomical characterization of root in recurrent selection cycles for flood tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.)

Souza¹,

Castro²,

Pereira³

et al. 2009

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…3; Fan et al, 2003;Zhu et al, 2010a). Root respiration associated with growth, maintenance, and ion uptake are major components of root metabolic costs (Lambers et al, 1996;Lynch and Ho, 2005). Without root maintenance respiration, simulated maize plants had up to 72% greater growth under nutrient-limiting conditions Lynch, 2011a, 2011b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Cortical Aerenchyma Enhances Nitrogen Acquisition from Low-Nitrogen Soils in Maize

et al. 2014

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ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7265-9790 (J.P.L.).Suboptimal nitrogen (N) availability is a primary constraint for crop production in developing nations, while in rich nations, intensive N fertilization carries substantial environmental and economic costs. Therefore, understanding root phenes that enhance N acquisition is of considerable importance. Structural-functional modeling predicts that root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) could improve N acquisition in maize (Zea mays). We evaluated the utility of RCA for N acquisition by physiological comparison of maize recombinant inbred lines contrasting in RCA grown under suboptimal and adequate N availability in greenhouse mesocosms and in the field in the United States and South Africa. N stress increased RCA formation by 200% in mesocosms and by 90% to 100% in the field. RCA formation substantially reduced root respiration and root N content. Under low-N conditions, RCA formation increased rooting depth by 15% to 31%, increased leaf N content by 28% to 81%, increased leaf chlorophyll content by 22%, increased leaf CO 2 assimilation by 22%, increased vegetative biomass by 31% to 66%, and increased grain yield by 58%. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that RCA improves plant growth under N-limiting conditions by decreasing root metabolic costs, thereby enhancing soil exploration and N acquisition in deep soil strata. Although potential fitness tradeoffs of RCA formation are poorly understood, increased RCA formation appears be a promising breeding target for enhancing crop N acquisition.

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“…produce roots at minimal carbon and Pi cost (Lynch and Ho 2005). In order to determine if Nipponbare had impaired aerenchyma formation, several micrographs of Nipponbare and NIL6-4 roots were taken.…”

Section: Stress Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Response Versus Stress Tolerance: A Transcriptome Analysis of Two Rice Lines Contrasting in Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency

Pariasca‐Tanaka

Satoh

Rose

et al. 2009

Rice

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Transcriptional profiling has identified genes associated with adaptive responses to phosphorus (P) deficiency; however, distinguishing stress response from tolerance has been difficult. We report gene expression patterns in two rice genotypes (Nipponbare and NIL6-4 which carries a major QTL for P deficiency tolerance (Pup1)) grown in soil with/without P fertilizer. We tested the hypotheses that tolerance of NIL6-4 is associated with (1) internal P remobilization/redistribution; (2) enhanced P solubilization and/or acquisition; and (3) root growth modifications that maximize P interception. Genes responding to P supply far exceeded those differing between genotypes. Genes associated with internal P remobilization/ redistribution and soil P solubilization/uptake were stress responsive but often more so in intolerant Nipponbare. However, genes putatively associated with root cell wall loosening and root hair extension (xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases and NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase) showed higher expression in roots of tolerant NIL6-4. This was supported by phenotypic data showing higher root biomass and hair length in NIL6-4.

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Rhizoeconomics: Carbon costs of phosphorus acquisition

Cited by 402 publications

References 94 publications

Morpho-anatomical characterization of root in recurrent selection cycles for flood tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.)

Morpho-anatomical characterization of root in recurrent selection cycles for flood tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.)

Root Cortical Aerenchyma Enhances Nitrogen Acquisition from Low-Nitrogen Soils in Maize

Stress Response Versus Stress Tolerance: A Transcriptome Analysis of Two Rice Lines Contrasting in Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency

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