Rhizobium NodI and NodJ proteins play a role in the efficiency of secretion of lipochitin oligosaccharides

Spaink, Herman P.; Wijfjes, André H. M.; Lugtenberg, Ben

doi:10.1128/jb.177.21.6276-6281.1995

Cited by 82 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…GldA, GldF, and GldG are required for gliding motility, bacteriophage sensitivity, and chitin utilization and are thought to be components of an ABC transporter. GldA is similar in sequence to Sinorhizobium meliloti NodI (33% identity over 299 amino acids), which is thought to be involved in export of the lipochitin oligosaccharide Nod factor (40,41). GldA is also similar to components of transporters that transport peptide antibiotics or that are involved in maturation of nitrous oxide reductase, so we cannot conclude that GldA is involved in transport of a compound that is chemically or structurally similar to chitin.…”

Section: Labeling Of Cells With [mentioning

confidence: 94%

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldH Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility and Chitin Utilization

2003

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Cells of Flavobacterium johnsoniae move rapidly over surfaces by gliding motility. The mechanism of this form of motility is not known. Six genes (gldA, gldB, gldD, gldF, gldG, and ftsX) that are required for gliding have been described. Tn4351 mutagenesis was used to identify another gene, gldH, which is required for cell movement. GldH mutants formed nonspreading colonies, and individual cells lacked the cell movements and ability to propel latex spheres along their surfaces that are characteristic of wild-type cells. gldH mutants also failed to digest chitin and were resistant to bacteriophages that infect wild-type cells. Introduction of pMM293, which carries wild-type gldH, restored to the gldH mutants colony spreading, cell motility, the ability to move latex spheres, phage sensitivity, and the ability to digest chitin. gldH encodes a predicted 141-amino-acid protein that localized to the membrane fraction. Labeling studies with [ 3 H]palmitate demonstrated that GldH is a lipoprotein. GldB and GldD, which were previously described, also appear to be lipoproteins. GldH does not exhibit significant amino acid similarity to proteins of known function in the databases. Putative homologs of gldH of unknown function are found in motile (Cytophaga hutchinsonii) and apparently nonmotile (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides fragilis, Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia) members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group.

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Section: Labeling Of Cells With [mentioning

confidence: 94%

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldH Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility and Chitin Utilization

2003

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“…Finally, an acyltransferase encoded by nodA links the acyl chain to the acetyl-free C-2 carbon of the nonreducing end of the oligosaccharide (51,226). Although not essential, NodI and NodJ seem to be involved in the export of Nod factors (34,74,254).…”

Section: Nod Enzymes and Nod Factor Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Promiscuity

Perret

Staehelin

Broughton

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

875

630

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SUMMARY Eukaryotes often form symbioses with microorganisms. Among these, associations between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for the nitrogen input into various ecological niches. Plants of many different families have evolved the capacity to develop root or stem nodules with diverse genera of soil bacteria. Of these, symbioses between legumes and rhizobia (Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Rhizobium) are the most important from an agricultural perspective. Nitrogen-fixing nodules arise when symbiotic rhizobia penetrate their hosts in a strictly controlled and coordinated manner. Molecular codes are exchanged between the symbionts in the rhizosphere to select compatible rhizobia from pathogens. Entry into the plant is restricted to bacteria that have the “keys” to a succession of legume “doors”. Some symbionts intimately associate with many different partners (and are thus promiscuous), while others are more selective and have a narrow host range. For historical reasons, narrow host range has been more intensively investigated than promiscuity. In our view, this has given a false impression of specificity in legume-Rhizobium associations. Rather, we suggest that restricted host ranges are limited to specific niches and represent specialization of widespread and more ancestral promiscuous symbioses. Here we analyze the molecular mechanisms governing symbiotic promiscuity in rhizobia and show that it is controlled by a number of molecular keys.

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“…In response, the rhizobial symbiont begins to produce the lipochitooligosaccharide signal molecules, known as Nod factors (NFs). NFs are chitin (N-acetylglucosamine oligomers) derivatives with N-acetylation at their nonreducing end and other modifications at the reducing end (Spaink et al, 1995). The specific NF structure determines the strict specificity between rhizobium and host legume species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MAP Kinase Kinase Interacts with SymRK and Regulates Nodule Organogenesis in Lotus japonicus

et al. 2012

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The symbiosis receptor kinase, SymRK, is required for root nodule development. A SymRK-interacting protein (SIP2) was found to form protein complex with SymRK in vitro and in planta. The interaction between SymRK and SIP2 is conserved in legumes. The SIP2 gene was expressed in all Lotus japonicus tissues examined. SIP2 represents a typical plant mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) and exhibited autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation activities. Recombinant SIP2 protein could phosphorylate casein and the Arabidopsis thaliana MAP kinase MPK6. SymRK and SIP2 could not use one another as a substrate for phosphorylation. Instead, SymRK acted as an inhibitor of SIP2 kinase when MPK6 was used as a substrate, suggesting that SymRK may serve as a negative regulator of the SIP2 signaling pathway. Knockdown expression of SIP2 via RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in drastic reduction of nodules formed in transgenic hairy roots. A significant portion of SIP2 RNAi hairy roots failed to form a nodule. In these roots, the expression levels of SIP2 and three marker genes for infection thread and nodule primordium formation were downregulated drastically, while the expression of two other MAPKK genes were not altered. These observations demonstrate an essential role of SIP2 in the early symbiosis signaling and nodule organogenesis.

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Rhizobium NodI and NodJ proteins play a role in the efficiency of secretion of lipochitin oligosaccharides

Cited by 82 publications

References 35 publications

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldH Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility and Chitin Utilization

Flavobacterium johnsoniae GldH Is a Lipoprotein That Is Required for Gliding Motility and Chitin Utilization

Molecular Basis of Symbiotic Promiscuity

A MAP Kinase Kinase Interacts with SymRK and Regulates Nodule Organogenesis in Lotus japonicus

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