Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharides: Synthesis and symbiotic function

Gonzalez, J. E.; York, Gregory M.; Walker, Graham C.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00322-8

Cited by 125 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A defining feature of the S. meliloti lawn is its mucoid state due to the production of exopolysaccharides (22). We hypothesized that this mucoid phenotype, not necessarily a Sinorhizobium species-specific determinant, was responsible for the bordering behavior of N2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1). Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative bacterium, which is essential to bacteria-plant symbiosis and nitrogen fixation (22), and has been previously shown to be a relatively nonpathogenic food source, comparable to E. coli OP50 in terms of C. elegans survival (23). We observed that C. elegans N2 exhibited bordering behavior on the lawn of S. meliloti (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caenorhabditis elegans NPR-1–mediated behaviors are suppressed in the presence of mucoid bacteria

Reddy

Hunter

Bhatla

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a diverse range of behaviors in response to bacteria. The presence of bacterial food influences C. elegans aerotaxis, aggregation, locomotion, and pathogen avoidance behaviors through the activity of the NPR-1 neuropeptide receptor. Here, we show that mucoid strains of bacteria that produce an exopolysaccharide matrix do not induce NPR-1-dependent behaviors. In the presence of mucoid strains of bacteria, the C. elegans laboratory wild-type (WT) strain N2 exhibits behaviors characteristic of wild isolates and mutants with reduced NPR-1 activity. Specifically, N2 exhibits lawn bordering and roaming behavior on mucoid nonpathogenic bacteria and loss of pathogen avoidance on mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Alginate biosynthesis by laboratory and clinical isolates of mucoid P. aeruginosa is necessary and sufficient to attenuate NPR-1-mediated behavior and it suppresses C. elegans pathogen avoidance behavior. Our data suggest that the specific interaction with nonmucoid bacteria induces NPR-1-dependent behaviors of C. elegans. These observations provide an example of how exopolysaccharide matrix biosynthesis by a community of bacteria may inhibit specific host responses to microbes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caenorhabditis elegans NPR-1–mediated behaviors are suppressed in the presence of mucoid bacteria

Reddy

Hunter

Bhatla

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, plants that form determinate nodules do not have such a requirement (16,31,54,64,67,68,81,88,94,95,121,134,175). The roles of rhizobial exopolysaccharides in symbiotic nodulation have been most thoroughly studied in S. meliloti.…”

Section: Bacterial Contributions To Infection Threadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes

Gage

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

769

532

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Bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Azorhizobium (collectively referred to as rhizobia) grow in the soil as free-living organisms but can also live as nitrogen-fixing symbionts inside root nodule cells of legume plants. The interactions between several rhizobial species and their host plants have become models for this type of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Temperate legumes such as alfalfa, pea, and vetch form indeterminate nodules that arise from root inner and middle cortical cells and grow out from the root via a persistent meristem. During the formation of functional indeterminate nodules, symbiotic bacteria must gain access to the interior of the host root. To get from the outside to the inside, rhizobia grow and divide in tubules called infection threads, which are composite structures derived from the two symbiotic partners. This review focuses on symbiotic infection and invasion during the formation of indeterminate nodules. It summarizes root hair growth, how root hair growth is influenced by rhizobial signaling molecules, infection of root hairs, infection thread extension down root hairs, infection thread growth into root tissue, and the plant and bacterial contributions necessary for infection thread formation and growth. The review also summarizes recent advances concerning the growth dynamics of rhizobial populations in infection threads

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“…1,3,5,6 Succinoglycan octasaccharides secreted by S. meliloti consists of a β-1,3, β-1,4, and β-1,6 linked octasaccharide subunit containing one galactose at the reducing end and seven glucose residues, one to two succinyl group located at the C-6 position of the sixth and seventh sugar residue and a pyruvyl group linked to the eighth sugar residue through a 4,6-ketal linkage (Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility Enhancement of Salicylic Acid by Complexation with Succinoglycan Monomers Isolated from Sinorhizobium meliloti

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Cho³

et al. 2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharides: Synthesis and symbiotic function

Cited by 125 publications

References 36 publications

Caenorhabditis elegans NPR-1–mediated behaviors are suppressed in the presence of mucoid bacteria

Caenorhabditis elegans NPR-1–mediated behaviors are suppressed in the presence of mucoid bacteria

Infection and Invasion of Roots by Symbiotic, Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia during Nodulation of Temperate Legumes

Solubility Enhancement of Salicylic Acid by Complexation with Succinoglycan Monomers Isolated from Sinorhizobium meliloti

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