Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides and Type VI Secretion Systems: A Promising Way to Improve Nitrogen Acquisition by Legumes

Sousa, Bruna Fernanda Silva de; Castellane, Tereza Cristina Luque; Tighilt, Lilia; Lemos, Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo; Rey, Luís

doi:10.3389/fagro.2021.661468

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…This nanomolecular apparatus has been associated with interbacterial relationships, acting as a toxin (called effectors) delivery vehicle through the cell envelope of a donor bacterium to prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells. Several roles have been implicated in this system, such as interbacterial killing and growth inhibition, nutrient scavenging, host colonization, kin discrimination, and acquisition of genetic material 1 – 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and distribution of Type VI Secretion System gene clusters in bacterial plasmids

Morgado

Vicente

2022

Sci Rep

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Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a nanomolecular apparatus that allows the delivery of effector molecules through the cell envelope of a donor bacterium to prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells, playing a role in the bacterial competition, virulence, and host interaction. T6SS is patchily distributed in bacterial genomes, suggesting an association with horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In fact, T6SS gene loci are eventually found within genomic islands (GIs), and there are some reports in plasmids and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). The impact that T6SS may have on bacteria fitness and the lack of evidence on its spread mechanism led us to question whether plasmids could represent a key mechanism in the spread of T6SS in bacteria. Therefore, we performed an in-silico analysis to reveal the association between T6SS and plasmids. T6SS was mined on 30,660 plasmids from NCBI based on the presence of at least six T6SS core proteins. T6SS was identified in 330 plasmids, all belonging to the same type (T6SSi), mainly in Proteobacteria (328/330), particularly in Rhizobium and Ralstonia. Interestingly, most genomes carrying T6SS-harboring plasmids did not encode T6SS in their chromosomes, and, in general, chromosomal and plasmid T6SSs did not form separate clades.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and distribution of Type VI Secretion System gene clusters in bacterial plasmids

Morgado

Vicente

2022

Sci Rep

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“…Pathogenic or mutualistic Gram-negative bacteria that interact with eukaryotic organisms can deliver effector proteins into the cytosol of their host cells through specialized secretion systems such as the Type 3 (T3SS), Type 4 (T4SS), and Type 6 (T6SS) secretion systems [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Although these effectors have very different biochemical activities, their main function is to suppress plant defense responses to facilitate bacterial infection and survival inside the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The T6SS is mostly used by Gram-negative bacteria as a killing nanomachine devoted to outcompeting surrounding bacteria [ 48 ]. However, this secretion system is present in some rhizobia in which it acts as a determinant of host compatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rhizobial Type 3 Secretion System: The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis

Jiménez‐Guerrero

Medina

Vinardell

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can establish a symbiotic association with legumes. As a result, plant nodules are formed on the roots of the host plants where rhizobia differentiate to bacteroids capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. This ammonia is transferred to the plant in exchange of a carbon source and an appropriate environment for bacterial survival. This process is subjected to a tight regulation with several checkpoints to allow the progression of the infection or its restriction. The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is a secretory system that injects proteins, called effectors (T3E), directly into the cytoplasm of the host cell, altering host pathways or suppressing host defense responses. This secretion system is not present in all rhizobia but its role in symbiosis is crucial for some symbiotic associations, showing two possible faces as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: it can be completely necessary for the formation of nodules, or it can block nodulation in different legume species/cultivars. In this review, we compile all the information currently available about the effects of different rhizobial effectors on plant symbiotic phenotypes. These phenotypes are diverse and highlight the importance of the T3SS in certain rhizobium–legume symbioses.

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“…In these communities, bacteria can communicate with their surrounding through the type VI secretion system (T6SS). This nanomolecular apparatus allows the delivery of effector molecules through the cell envelope of a donor bacterium to prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells, playing a role in the bacterial competition, virulence, and host manipulation [1][2][3]. This secretion system is assembled by several proteins (TssA-M), which make up a membrane complex, baseplate, syringe, needle spike, and sheath [2,[4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity And Distribution of Type VI Secretion System In Bacterial Plasmids

Morgado

Vicente

2022

Preprint

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Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a nanomolecular apparatus that allows the delivery of effector molecules through the cell envelope of a donor bacterium to prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells, playing a role in the bacterial competition, virulence, and host manipulation. T6SS is patchily distributed in bacteria and rarely reported in mobile elements, such as plasmids and integrative and conjugative elements. The impact that T6SS may have on bacteria fitness and the lack of evidence on its radiation mechanism led us to question whether natural plasmids could represent a key mechanism in the spread of T6SS in bacteria. Therefore, we performed an in-silico analysis to reveal the association of T6SS and plasmids. This secretion system was mined in more than 30,000 plasmids from Genbank, based on the presence of at least nine of 11 T6SS core proteins (TssA-M). T6SS was identified in 303 plasmids (~1%), all belonging to the same T6SS type, occurring mainly in Proteobacteria (301/303), particularly in Rhizobium and Ralstonia genera. Interestingly, most of the bacteria carrying T6SS-harboring plasmids did not encode T6SS in their chromosomes, suggesting a fitness cost to maintain this element on mobile platforms.

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Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides and Type VI Secretion Systems: A Promising Way to Improve Nitrogen Acquisition by Legumes

Cited by 9 publications

References 105 publications

Diversity and distribution of Type VI Secretion System gene clusters in bacterial plasmids

Diversity and distribution of Type VI Secretion System gene clusters in bacterial plasmids

The Rhizobial Type 3 Secretion System: The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis

Diversity And Distribution of Type VI Secretion System In Bacterial Plasmids

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