Rhizobactin, a structurally novel siderophore from Rhizobium meliloti

Smith, M. J.; Shoolery, James Ν.; Schwyn, B.; Holden, Ian; Neilands, J. B.

doi:10.1021/ja00292a047

Cited by 146 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The bacterial strains used in this study are listed in Table 1. Rhizobium strains were cultured in either tryptone-yeast extract medium (TY) (2) or a low-iron minimal medium (38). Distilled deionized water was used for minimal-medium preparation to minimize iron contamination, and all glassware was washed with 6 N HCl and rinsed with the distilled deionized water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Siderophore-mediated iron transport correlates with the presence of specific iron-regulated proteins in the outer membrane of Rhizobium meliloti

Reigh

O’Connell

1993

J Bacteriol

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A universal chemical assay used to detect the production of siderophores in a range of Rhizobium strains showed that production is strain specific. Iron nutrition bioassays carried out on Rhizobium meliloh strains to determine cross-utilization of their siderophores showed that R. melilod 2011, 220-5, and 220-3 could each use the siderophores produced by the other two but not the siderophore produced by R. melilot DM4 (and vice versa). Mutants of R. meliloti 2011 and 220-5 defective in siderophore production were isolated by TnS-mob mutagenesis. The TnS-mob-containing EcoRI fragment of mutant R. melilot 220-5-1 was cloned into pUC19. By using this fragment as a probe, the presence of a homologous region was observed in R. melilti 2011 and 220-3 but not in R. melilod DM4. A complementing cosmid from a gene bank of R. melilot 2011 was identified by using the same probe. Introduction of this cosmid into R. meliloti 102F34, a strain not producing a siderophore, resulted in the ability of this strain to produce a siderophore and also in the ability to utilize the siderophores produced by R. meliloti 2011, 220-5, and 220-3 but not the siderophore produced by R. meliloti DM4. A comparative analysis of the outer membrane proteins prepared from iron-deficient cultures of R. meliloti 102F34 and 102F34 harboring the cosmid revealed the presence, in the latter, of a low-iron-induced outer membrane protein corresponding to a low-iron-induced protein in R. meliloti 2011, 220-5, and 220-3. This protein is not present in R. melilot DM4. The results suggest that R. melilot 2011, and 220-3 produce siderophores that are identical or sufficiently similar in structure to be transported by the membrane transport system of each strain while also indicating that utilization of a particular siderophore is correlated with the presence of specific outer membrane proteins.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolation of rhizobactin produced by Rhizobium meliloti DM4 (39) marked the discovery of a structurally novel siderophore possessing ethylenediamine as a ligand. R. meliloti 1021 also appears to produce a structurally novel siderophore (15) that differs from rhizobactin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Siderophore-mediated iron transport correlates with the presence of specific iron-regulated proteins in the outer membrane of Rhizobium meliloti

Reigh

O’Connell

1993

J Bacteriol

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“…Siderophore production E. meliloti is known to produce the siderophore rhizobactin (Smith et al 1985), which can inhibit the growth of rhizobactin transport mutants in iron deficient conditions (diCenzo et al 2014). The CAS assay was performed to value the effect of luteolin on siderophore production by E. meliloti 3001.…”

Section: Influence Of Luteolin On Biofilm Formation Of E Meliloti 3001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the plant flavonoid luteolin on Ensifer meliloti 3001 phenotypic responses

et al. 2015

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Background and aims The establishment of a successful symbiosis between the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Ensifer meliloti and compatible host legumes (Medicago spp.) depends on a complex molecular signal exchange. The early stage of signaling involves the release from plant roots of the flavonoid luteolin, which in turn induces the expression of rhizobia nodulation (nod) genes required for root infection and nodule development. To date, the bacterial response to the luteolin perception has been characterized in detail as far as gene expression is concerned. Nevertheless, despite this molecular information, a global view on E. meliloti phenotypes affected by the plant signal luteolin is still lacking.Therefore, an extensive phenotypic investigation of luteolin effect on the nitrogen-fixing E. meliloti 3001 has been performed. Methods A thousand different growth conditions, including sensitivity to osmolites, pH stresses, antibiotics and toxic compounds, were tested by the application of the high-throughput Phenotype MicroArray (PM) technology, as well as by several dedicated assays to evaluate growth stimulation, motility, biofilm formation, Nacyl homoserine lactones and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Results Results revealed that the plant signal luteolin affected a wide spectrum of E. meliloti 3001 phenotypes. E. meliloti 3001 displayed an enhanced resistance phenotype in the presence of luteolin toward a broad set of chemicals including several antibiotics, toxic ions, respiration inhibitors, membrane damagers, DNA intercalants and other potential antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the presence of luteolin significantly reduced overall AHLs production, as well as the lag phase in relation to the starting cellular density, the motility and biofilm formation under nutrient-limited growth conditions. An effect on E. meliloti indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production was also detected in vitro as a response to luteolin. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest that the plant signal luteolin triggers a broad response in E. meliloti 3001, which was shown to be dependent on nutritional conditions sensed by the bacterium, pointing out a wide role in modifying rhizobial phenotypes, possibly in relation to plant root association and then symbiotic interaction.Plant Soil (2016) 399:159-178

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“…Rhizobium meliloti DM4 and Sinorhizobium meliloti produce rhizobactin [8][9][10] , Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae MNF7101 and WSM710 produce vicibactin [11] , catecholate siderophores viz., salicylic acid and dihydroxybenzoic acid are produced by R. ciceri isolates from chick pea nodules [12] whereas uncharacterized catecholates are produced by rhizobia from the cowpea group [13,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Survival and Nodule Occupancy of Pigeon pea Nodulating Rhizobium sp. ST1 expressing fegA Gene of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61A152

Joshi¹,

Desai²,

Archana³

et al. 2009

OnLine J. of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Rhizobial isolates belonging to genera (Rhizobium sp. and Mesorhizobium sp.) in our laboratory produced only catecholate type of siderophores. Although FhuA and FegA (ferrichrome receptors) homologs were found to be present in the sequenced genomes of few rhizobia (e.g., 1 in R. etli and 2 in Mesorhizobium sp. BNC1), laboratory isolates of the corresponding genera failed to utilize ferrichrome, a siderophore which is present in nanomolar concentrations in the soil. This inability was considered as a negative fitness factor with respect to rhizospheric colonization by these rhizobia. Approach: The 2.4 kb fegA gene (encoding ferrichrome receptor) was amplified along with its native promoter from Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61A152 and cloned in a broad host range plasmid vector pUCPM18. The plasmid construct pFJ was transferred by conjugation into Rhizobium sp. ST1 to give transconjugant ST1pFJ12. The consequence of FegA expression on the transconjugant was tested under lab and soil conditions, using physiological experiments. Results: Ability of the transconjugant ST1pFJ12 to utilize ferrichrome and expression of a 79 kD protein band on the outer membrane of the transconjugant confirmed FegA expression. Transconjugant ST1pFJ12 exhibited increased growth rate as compared to the parent strain ST1, in minimal media containing ferrichrome as the sole iron source, confirming the positive effect of FegA expression. Inoculation of pigeon pea seedlings with transconjugant ST1pFJ12 led to a marked increase in plant growth parameters as compared to plants inoculated with the parent strain ST1, the effect being more pronounced when Ustilago maydis, a ferrichrome producer was co-inoculated in the systems. Nodule occupancy on pigeon pea plant when inoculated with the transconjugant ST1pFJ12 alone was 57% which increased to 66% when co-inoculated with U. maydis as compared with 37 and 30% respectively, seen with parental strain ST1 inoculation. Conclusion: The clear increase in nodule occupancy and higher rhizospheric colonization by the fegA transconjugants, presented in this study together with the previous research reported from our laboratory, led us to conclude that ferrichrome utilization ability played an important role in the rhizospheric colonization of the bioinoculant strains. Testing the ability to utilize hydroxamate siderophores therefore, holds prime importance in selecting an efficient biofertilizer strain.

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Rhizobactin, a structurally novel siderophore from Rhizobium meliloti

Cited by 146 publications

References 5 publications

Siderophore-mediated iron transport correlates with the presence of specific iron-regulated proteins in the outer membrane of Rhizobium meliloti

Siderophore-mediated iron transport correlates with the presence of specific iron-regulated proteins in the outer membrane of Rhizobium meliloti

Effect of the plant flavonoid luteolin on Ensifer meliloti 3001 phenotypic responses

Enhanced Survival and Nodule Occupancy of Pigeon pea Nodulating Rhizobium sp. ST1 expressing fegA Gene of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61A152

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