Rhizobacteria: Legendary Soil Guards in Abiotic Stress Management

Production of Plant Beneficial and Antioxidants Metabolites by Klebsiellavariicola under Salinity Stress

“…Agricultural soil is a rich source of a diverse population of PGPR [ 6 , 9 ]. These PGPR provide several benefits to the plants such as plant growth promotion, the enrichment of plant nutrients, as well the enrichment of the nutrients in soil [ 1 ].…”

“…The secretion of phytase has been reported as the key factor in P solubilization [ 34 , 35 ]. The production of IAA is regarded as the principal criterion for screening PGPR because IAA-producing bacteria are known to exert profound beneficial effects on plant growth [ 6 ]. The production of ammonia has been reported in many P solubilizing Klebsiella sp.…”

“…The salinity of agricultural soil, i.e., the presence of excess amounts of salts, is one of the major abiotic stresses [ 4 , 5 ]. Soil salinity is an increasing problem worldwide for about 27% of the world’s arable land [ 6 ]. Plant growth in these soils is adversely affected by both excess salts and excess sodium levels [ 7 ].…”

“…The use of organic manure and farmyard manure has been successful in restoring soil health and soil fertility, however, these are less effective and not sustainable [ 4 ]. The various conventional methods of ameliorating soil salinity have provided some success, but they show negative impacts on soil health [ 6 ]. A sustainable agriculture practice demands effective and eco-friendly measures to combat these issues without compromising soil health [ 7 ].…”

“…PGPR helps plant growth through phosphate, iron, and other mineral nutrition, provision of nitrogen, ammonia, and phytohormones [ 1 ]. Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) produced by PGPR promotes root growth [ 6 ]. PGPR also excrete exopolysaccharides (EPS) which help in salinity amelioration [ 8 ].…”