Rhinovirus Infections in an Industrial Population

Jm, Gwaltney; Hendley, J. Owen; Simon, Gilbert; Ws, Jordan

doi:10.1056/nejm196612082752301

Cited by 269 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, sequential nasal biopsies documented the occurrence of reversible mononuclear cell infiltrates in 58% and epithelial microulcerations in 15% of the recipients after 4 weeks of intranasal administration (10). In the current study, both the placebo and the HuIFN-a2 groups reported substantially higher rates of respiratory illness during the treatment period than were observed in previous epidemiological studies of this population (6). Although the placebo recipients did not experience increased rates of respiratory illness during successive weeks of exposure (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 43%

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Intranasal interferon-alpha 2 for prevention of natural rhinovirus colds

Farr¹,

Gwaltney²,

Adams³

et al. 1984

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The prophylactic activity of intranasal human interferon-a2 (HuIFN-at2) against natural rhinovirus colds was determined in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 304 working adults selfadministered sprays of (107 IU/day) or a placebo once daily. During 22 days of treatment, 13 (8.5%) placebo recipients but no HuIFN-a2 recipiehts had respiratory illnesses documented secondary to rhinovirus infection (P = 0.0002). The occurrence of illness with symptoms of tracheobronchitis was lower ini HuIFN-a2 recipients (one eposide) than in placebo recipients (eight episodes, P = 0.04). In contrast, the frequency of nasal symptoms and the overall rate of respiratory illness were significantly higher in HuIFN-a2 recipients during weeks 2 and 3 of treatm'ent. Symptoms (obstruction, discomfort, blood-tinged nasal mucus) or signs (punctate bleeding sites, erosions, superficial ulcerations) of nasal irritation occurred in 40 HuIFN-ax2 recipients during week 3 (P < 0.0001 versus placebo recipients). Although the results of the current study were partially confounded by the nasal side effects of prolonged administration, they showed that intranasal HuIFN-eL2 was efficacious in preventing rhinovirus colds under natural conditions.The common cold is a major cause of morbidity and industrial absenteeism in the United States, afflicting adults an average of 2 to 4 arnd children an average of 6 to 8 times annually (2, 6). The antigenic heterogeneity of the causative viruses has prevented the development of a cold vaccine. For example, the most frequently isolated agent, the rhinovirus, has 89 identified serotypes and more that are recogniZed but presently unnumbered. Specific antiviral compounds have not yet been shown to have clinically useful prophylactic or therapeutic activity.Prevention of natural colds has not been achieved previously except by geographical isolation. However, experimental rhinovirus infections in susceptible volunteers have been prevented by intranasal administration of multiple daily doses of either leukocyte-derived human interferon (HuIFN) (3,13,14) or recombinant DNA-produced 15). A recent study has also shown that single daily intranasal doses of HuIFN-a2 gave protection against experimental rhinovirus colds in volunteers (9).The current randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study determined the prophylactic efficacy and tolerance of daily intranasal spraying with Virology. Nose and throat specimens were collected from subjects reporting upper respiratory illness, and the swabs were transported on wet ice in beef heart infusion broth containing 1% bovine serum albumin, vancomycin (20 ,ug/ml), gentamicin (50 ,xg/ml), amphotericin B (1 ,ug/ml) and sheep anti-HuIFN-o2 antibody (2,500 neutralizing units per ml) (8). The broth was inoculated in 0.2-ml portions onto duplicate monolayers of MRC-5 fibroblast, HEp-2, primary rhesus monkey kidney, and human embryonic kidney cells

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supporting

confidence: 43%

“…The common cold is a major cause of morbidity and industrial absenteeism in the United States, afflicting adults an average of 2 to 4 arnd children an average of 6 to 8 times annually (2,6). The antigenic heterogeneity of the causative viruses has prevented the development of a cold vaccine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal interferon-alpha 2 for prevention of natural rhinovirus colds

Farr¹,

Gwaltney²,

Adams³

et al. 1984

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Rhinovirus HRV-14 "docks" with ICAM-1 on the surface of somatic cells (Turner 2001;Novick et al 1996). Thus, zinc may be in effect acting as an antiviral agent by reducing ICAM-1 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al-Nakib W, Higgins PG, Barrow Treatment of the common cold with zinc: effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine (Soluble Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) and ICAM-1 Introduction Adults and children in the USA experience two to six episodes of common cold per year (Dingle 1964;Gwaltney et al 1966), and the morbidity and loss of working hours due to this are substantial. The complications of the common cold include otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbations of reactive airway diseases.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc gluconate and zinc acetate have very low chemical stability and release positively charged zinc ions in aqueous solutions at physiological pH, while stronger complexes do not. We hypothesize that the beneficial effects of zinc may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and its effect on intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), which is known to be a major cellular receptor for rhinovirus (Novick et al 1996;Turner et al 1999). …”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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