Rhinovirus-Infected Epithelial Cells Produce More IL-8 and RANTES Compared With Other Respiratory Viruses

Abstract

PurposeThe environmental factors human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and house dust mites (HDMs) are the most common causes of acute exacerbations of asthma. The aim of this study was to compare the chemokine production induced by HRVs in airway epithelial cells with that induced by other respiratory viruses, and to investigate synergistic interactions between HRVs and HDMs on the induction of inflammatory chemokines in vitro.MethodsA549 human airway epithelial cells were infected with either rhinovirus serotype 7, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-A2 strain, or adenovirus serotype 3 and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-8 and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) release and mRNA expression. Additionally, activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 were evaluated. The release of IL-8 and RANTES was also measured in cells stimulated simultaneously with a virus and the HDM allergen, Der f1.ResultsHRV caused greater IL-8 and RANTES release and mRNA expression compared with either RSV or adenovirus. NF-κB and AP-1 were activated in these processes. Cells incubated with a virus and Der f1 showed an increased IL-8 release. However, compared with cells incubated with virus alone as the stimulator, only HRV with Der f1 showed a statistically significant increase.ConclusionsIL-8 and RANTES were induced to a greater extent by HRV compared with other viruses, and only HRV with Der f1 acted synergistically to induce bronchial epithelial IL-8 release. These findings may correspond with the fact that rhinoviruses are identified more frequently than other viruses in cases of acute exacerbation of asthma.

Enterovirus 68 3C Protease Cleaves TRIF To Attenuate Antiviral Responses Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 3

“…These observations highlight a functional link of EV68 to the TLR3 signaling pathway. Intriguingly, EV68 infection stimulated IL-8 expression, similar to the case in rhinovirus infection (39). This phenomenon may be involved in the pathogenesis of virus-induced acute exacerbations of asthma (3).…”

Recombinant myxoma virus lacking all poxvirus ankyrin-repeat proteins stimulates multiple cellular anti-viral pathways and exhibits a severe decrease in virulence

“…Previous studies have reported that the activation of the NF-κB pathway within A549 cells by various ssRNA viruses leads to the secretion of IL-8 and/or IL-6 (Arnold, Humbert, Werchau, Gallati, & Konig, 1994;Bao et al, 2007;Chun et al, 2013;Devhare, Chatterjee, Arankalle, & Lole, 2013;Julkunen et al, 2000;Kanzawa et al, 2006). Interestingly, all the ANK-R mutant MYXV constructs also stimulate NF-κB activation in A549 cells, but to varying degrees.…”

Respiratory Viruses and Asthma

“…89 IL-8 is induced by various virus infections such as RSV, influenza A, and RV in airway epithelium. [90][91][92] CXCL-10/inducible protein-10 is produced by several cells such as monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast with response to IFN-γ. It can be induced by RV, RSV, influenza virus, etc., and have shown a protective role against pathogen infections.…”