Rhinovirus as a cause of fatal lower respiratory tract infection in adult stem cell transplantation patients: a report of two cases

Gutman, Jonathan A.; Peck, Angela J.; Kuypers, Jane; Boeckh, Michael

doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705827

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Two fatal cases have been reported with mortality directly attributed to RHV infection [82]. Of 28 pediatric patients with hematologic malignancy or HCT infected with HRVs, only one, infected with HRV-C, died of respiratory insufficiency [83].…”

Section: Newly Discovered Respiratory Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and solid organ transplant recipients

Renaud¹,

Campbell

2011

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

127

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Purpose of review New respiratory viruses have been discovered in recent years and new molecular diagnostic assays have been developed that improve our understanding of respiratory virus infections. This article will review the changing epidemiology of these viruses after hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation. Recent findings Respiratory viruses are frequently detected in transplant recipients. A number of viruses have been newly discovered or emerged in the last decade, including human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, new human coronaviruses and rhinoviruses, human polyomaviruses, and a new 2009 pandemic strain of influenza A/H1N1. The potential for these viruses to cause lower respiratory tract infections after transplantation varies, and is greatest for human metapneumovirus and H1N1 influenza, but appears to be limited for the other new viruses. Acute and long term complications in hematopoietic and solid organ transplant recipients are active areas of research. Summary Respiratory viral infections are frequently associated with significant morbidity following transplantation and are therefore of great clinical and epidemiologic interest. As new viruses are discovered, and more sensitive diagnostic methods are developed, defining the full impact of emerging respiratory viruses in transplant recipients must be elucidated by well-designed clinical studies.

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Section: Newly Discovered Respiratory Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and solid organ transplant recipients

Renaud¹,

Campbell

2011

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

127

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“…HRVs have been found to replicate effectively in lower airways and have been recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and bronchial biopsy samples (13,19,22,27,28). These viruses have been implicated as causes of asthma exacerbations (9,25) and severe respiratory tract illnesses in children, the immunosuppressed, and the elderly (3,5,7,21,29). HRV-associated mortalities have also been recently reported (6,11,21,35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assay for 5′ Noncoding Region Analysis of All Human Rhinovirus Prototype Strains

et al. 2008

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Increasing recognition of the association of rhinovirus with severe lower respiratory tract illnesses has clarified the need to understand the relationship between specific serotypes of rhinovirus and their clinical consequences. To accomplish this, a specific and sensitive assay to detect and serotype rhinovirus directly from clinical specimens is needed. Traditional methods of serotyping using culture and serum neutralization are time-consuming, limited to certain reference laboratories, and complicated by the existence of over 100 serotypes of human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Accordingly, we have developed a sequence-based assay that targets a 390-bp fragment accounting for approximately two-thirds of the 5 noncoding region (NCR). Our goal was to develop an assay permitting amplification of target sequences directly from clinical specimens and distinction among all 101 prototype strains of rhinoviruses. We determined the sequences of all 101 prototype strains of HRV in this region to enable differentiation of virus genotypes in both viral isolates and clinical specimens. We evaluated this assay in a total of 101 clinical viral isolates and 24 clinical specimens and compared our findings to genotyping results using a different region of the HRV genome (the VP4-VP2 region). Five specimens associated with severe respiratory disease in children did not correlate with any known serotype of rhinovirus and were found to belong to a novel genogroup of rhinovirus, genogroup C. Isolates were also found that corresponded to the genogroup A2 variant identified in New York and Australia and two other novel group A clusters (GAC1 and GAC2).

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“…Our motivation to develop a 5Ј NCR assay was largely due to our interest in having a protocol to allow broad and sensitive detection and typing of HRVs for molecular epidemiology and surveillance. Detection and typing of HRVs can shed light on the contribution of specific serotypes of HRVs to more severe clinical outcomes associated with HRV infection, including asthma exacerbation (6,14,15) and lower respiratory infections (3,5), some of which have had fatal outcomes (4,8,12,17). The discovery of novel strains that coincide with the novel HRV A2/"C" strains (1, 10, 13) as well as a potential novel genogroup of HRV (7,11), which we will refer to in this article as HRV "D" to distinguish it from the currently proposed HRV "C", was a fortuitous and exciting finding from the evaluation of our novel assay on field isolates.…”

Section: Authors' Replymentioning

confidence: 99%

5′ Noncoding Region Alone Does Not Unequivocally Determine Genetic Type of Human Rhinovirus Strains

et al. 2009

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Rhinovirus as a cause of fatal lower respiratory tract infection in adult stem cell transplantation patients: a report of two cases

Cited by 63 publications

References 5 publications

Changing epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and solid organ transplant recipients

Changing epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and solid organ transplant recipients

Assay for 5′ Noncoding Region Analysis of All Human Rhinovirus Prototype Strains

5′ Noncoding Region Alone Does Not Unequivocally Determine Genetic Type of Human Rhinovirus Strains

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