Rhinosinusitis in Patients in Post-Covid-19 Period: Etiology, Clinical and Morphological Characteristics

Abstract

The aim is to identify the etiology, clinical and morphological features of rhinosinusitis in patients in post-COVID-19 period. Materials and methods: In the present study, it was carried out the analysis of 11 cases of rhinosinusitis, which developed after COVID-19 infection. The diagnosis of rhi¬nosinusitis was established on the basis of anamnesis, clinical and laboratory examination, specialized instrumental examination (rhinoendoscopy, X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, spiral and 3D computed tomography). All patients underwent endoscopic sanitation of the nasal cavity, expansion of the maxillary anastomosis, maxillary sinusotomy, sanitation of the maxillary sinuses and removal of pathologically altered tissues. Microbiological examination of the swab from the nasal cavity was carried out in all patients. Histological and morphometric research methods were used during the morphological study of surgical material. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the means in the groups. Results: The conducted comprehensive study made it possible to identify chronic atrophic rhinosinusitis at the stage of exacerbation caused by associations of bacteria and fungi in patients in post-COVID-19 period. Among bacteria, the authors most often noted Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis. Among fungi, there were Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor and Coccidioides. Fungal infection was characterized by invasion into the mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal sinuses. In patients in post-COVID-19 period the invasive bacterial-fungal chronic atrophic rhinosinusitis at the stage of exacerbation was predominantly bilateral, characterized by the involvement of several or all paranasal sinuses in the process. Patients with such pathology complained of periodic fever, headaches and malaise; nasal congestion and constant difficulty in nasal breathing; yellowish-greenish-reddish discharge from the nasal cavity, sometimes with a fetid odor; discomfort and pain in the area of paranasal sinuses; immobility of the eyeball, hyposmia or anosmia; reduction or complete loss of vision. Frequent risk factors for the development of invasive bacterial-fungal chronic atrophic rhinosinusitis at the stage of exacerbation in patients in post-COVID-19 period were the information about moderate or severe course of this infection in anamnesis; comorbidities (predominantly diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease and ischemic heart disease). Conclusions: The study conducted by the authors made it possible to identify the etiological, clinical and morphological features, as well as risk factors of rhinosinusitis in patients in post-COVID-19 period. This information will contribute to a better understanding of such pathology by the doctors and improve the diagnostic and treatment process.

Incidence of Post COVID-19 Rhinosinusitis Among Otorhinolaryngology Patients in New Damietta

“…Our current study showed that 84.9% of the patients were bilateral and 15.1% of the patients were unilateral. This agree with Myroshnychenko et al [7] who reported that in 9 cases [81.8%] rhinosinusitis was bilateral and in 2 cases [18.2%] were unilateral.…”

“…Our results showed that the mean duration which rhinosinusitis developed after COVID-19 infection was 43.17 ± 7.23 days with range 34 -60 days. These results agree with Myroshnychenko et al [7] who reported that the mean number of days during which rhinosinusitis developed after COVID-19 infection was 41.2±4.63 days However, our results disagree with El-Kholy et al [11] who reported that in patients with CRS, the mean duration for development of CRS after COVID-19 was 17.82±2.97 days.…”

“…An informed consent was obtained. These results are comparable to Myroshnychenko et al [7] , who reported nasal congestion, yellowishgreenish discharge and nasal obstruction in all patients with CRS. However, hyposmia was reported among 72.7% of patients.…”