Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)

Groves, Colin P.; Leslie, David M.

doi:10.1644/887.1

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In addition to the different usual head postures, extant rhinos show differences in horn size and incisor presence (e.g., Groves, ; Groves & Kurt, ; Groves & Leslie, ; Hillman‐Smith & Groves, ; Laurie, Lang, & Groves, ) (see also Supporting Information). For example, the two extant African species ( C. simum , D. bicornis ) show two massive horns but lack front teeth, while the extant Asiatic species have tusk‐like lower second incisors in combination with either one small nasal horn ( R. sondaicus, R. unicornis ), or a small nasal and a small frontal horn ( D. sumatrensis ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential link between lateral semicircular canal orientation, head posture, and dietary habits in extant rhinos (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)

Schellhorn

2017

Journal of Morphology

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Extant rhinoceroses share the characteristic nasal horn, although the number and size of horns varies among the five species. Although all species are herbivores, their dietary preferences, occipital shapes, and common head postures vary. Traditionally, to predict the "usual" head posture (the most used head posture of animals during normal unstressed activities, i.e., standing) of rhinos, the occipital shape was used. While a backward inclined occiput implies a downward hanging head (often found in grazers), a forward inclined occiput is related to the horizontal head posture in browsing rhinos. In this study, the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) of the bony labyrinth was virtu-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential link between lateral semicircular canal orientation, head posture, and dietary habits in extant rhinos (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)

Schellhorn

2017

Journal of Morphology

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“…Light shaded area: distribution given by Foose and van Strien (1997); dark shaded area: distribution given by Groves and Leslie (2011). with moderately high to high support in the ML and MP analyses but was marginally not supported in the BI analysis (PP: 0.93; BS (ML): 85; BS (MP): 88, Fig.…”

Section: Molecular Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Museum specimens as Noah’s Arc of lost genes. The case of a rhinoceros from Sumatra in the Zoological Museum Hamburg

Glaubrecht¹,

Neiber²

2017

EvolSyst

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Understanding past and present genetic diversity, in particular in endangered species such as the rhinoceroses, is of paramount importance for a series of aspects in natural history, evolutionary systematics and conservation. As it turned out from several recent studies even in eminent museum specimens the historical context including its provenance often remains unresolved. At the same time modern molecular genetic techniques make this material more and more available also for integrative studies. With probably less than fifty extant specimens, among the Asian rhinoceroses the Javan rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus, is one of the most critically endangered mammal species, rendering also each of its rare museum specimens of great significance. We here apply available DNA isolation and sequencing techniques to a horn of a specimen housed at the Zoological Museum in Hamburg with indication as to derive from the extinct conspecific Sumatra population. In comparison with already existing mitochondrial gene fragment sequence data of Asian rhino populations, we were able to verify the identification of this particular museum specimen as of the nearly equally rare Sumatran rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, instead as of the extremely rare R. sondaicus.

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“…Therefore, both of them should belong to the browsing type. The extant Rhinoceros sondaicus normally survives in the dense forest and lowlying areas with waters and mudnearby (Groves 1967;Groves and Leslie 2011). In a word, the Perissodactyl fossils indicate that the YCF fauna lived in a humid and warm tropical forest with waters and mud nearby.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Early Pleistocene Perissodactyl remains associated withGigantopithecusfrom Yangliang Cave, Guangxi of southern China

et al. 2015

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Herein the new Perissodactyl fossils associated with Giantopithecus blacki recovered from Yanliang Cave, Guangxi of southern China were described as Hesperotherium sinense, Tapirus sanyuanensis and Rhinoceros fusuiensis, which are all the common elements of the typical Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus -Sinomastodon fauna in southern China. Especially, we analyse and compare to the metacarpus and metatarsus among extinct Rhinoceros fusuiensis and extant Asian rhinos based on quantitative indexes of measurements. The results show that the sizes between genera Rhinocers and Dicerorhinus are different. Specifically, the sizes of metacarpus and metatarsus of Rhinoceros fusuiensis are smaller than those of the living Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis and Rhinoceros sondaicus), but greater than those of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. So, the measurements of metacarpus and metatarsus can be considered to provide available evidence in identifying rhino fossils. The assemblage of Perissodactyl remains from Yanliang Cave is most similar to those of Longgupo Cave, Chongqing and Mohui Cave, Guangxi, indicating its age as the early Early Pleistocene (, 2.0 Ma). These Perissodactyl fossils also implied a tropical bushy and forested environment with the humid and warm climate favourable for habitation of high-evolved primates such as Giantopithecus blacki.

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Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 48 publications

References 81 publications

A potential link between lateral semicircular canal orientation, head posture, and dietary habits in extant rhinos (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)

A potential link between lateral semicircular canal orientation, head posture, and dietary habits in extant rhinos (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)

Museum specimens as Noah’s Arc of lost genes. The case of a rhinoceros from Sumatra in the Zoological Museum Hamburg

New Early Pleistocene Perissodactyl remains associated withGigantopithecusfrom Yangliang Cave, Guangxi of southern China

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