Rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis in a child with type 1 diabetes: A case report

Abstract

Rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis is a rare but potentially severe fungal infection in children with high rate of morbidity and mortality. In pediatric patients, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is considered to be a predisposing factor only in 15% of cases. To prevent and reduce mortality rate of this severe disease, early diagnosis based on clinical findings and biopsy is highly recommended. Herein, we report a case of rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis in a 12-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes to demonstrate that a multimodal management approach, involving early surgery which consists in frequent endoscopic sinus debridement and appropriate antifungal therapy, is essential to effectively reduce the spread of infection and achieve effective outcome.

A Rare Case of Maxillary Mucormycosis in a Child With Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus

“…According to Jones et al (1993), patients with uncontrolled diabetes, malignancies, leukemia, glucocorticoid therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, malnutrition, and AIDS are at greater risk for mucormycosis [ 4 ]. The primary risk factors for this fungal infection in the pediatric population are hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplantation, and hematological malignancies (46%) [ 5 ]. Our patient, diagnosed with juvenile type 1 diabetes, suffered from mucormycosis of the maxilla.…”

An old confusion: Entomophthoromycosis versus mucormycosis and their main differences

“…For example, intestinal infections have been reported in neonates ( Sarin, 2010 ). In addition, cerebral rhino-orbital form has been described in children with comorbidities ( Amanati et al, 2021 ; Masmoudi et al, 2021 ). The male-to-female ratio is about 2.2:1, with slight variations between reports (Song et al; Jeong et al, 2019 ; Patel et al, 2020 ; Gupta and Ahuja, 2021 ).…”