Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease associated with synovial tissue proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage destruction, and systemic complications. Currently, advanced understandings of the pathologic mechanisms of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and autoantibodies that cause RA have been achieved, despite the fact that much remains to be elucidated. This review provides an updated pathogenesis of RA which will unveil novel therapeutic targets.

Editorial: Bone and Cartilage Diseases—The Role and Potential of Natural Products

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, followed by cartilage destruction and bone erosion ( Jang et al, 2022 ). The study by Chen et al demonstrated that kefir peptides alleviated collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse models by inhibiting dendritic cells maturation and inflammatory cytokine release.…”

Beneficial effects of physical activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients: focus on active biomolecules

“…From a genetic point of view there is a robust association between RA and HLA-DR4, a genetic anomaly, found in 70% of subjects affected by RA, of the human leukocyte antigen . Basically, in RA there is an aberrant inflammatory response to an unknown antigen andin which eventually leads to joint injury, induced by T-lymphocytes (CD4-CD8) that prime B-lymphocytes, which in turn differentiate into antibody-producing (Rheumatoid Factor, Polyclonal Antibodies) plasma cells, and activated macrophages which further sustain inflammation [20]. Systemic manifestations are due to the release of proinflammatory cytokines into the circulation, mainly represented by TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 and IFNγ.…”

“…The most relevant innovation in the treatment of moderate-severe RA was the introduction in the therapeutic algorithm of TNF-α inhibitors [20]. TNF-α is produced usually by activated macrophages in the synovial membrane tissue in RA patients.…”

Frequency of serological markers of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with IgA anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibodies

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized by synovial inflammation that can lead to irreversible joint damage and disability when not managed 10 . Biomarkers of RA available for routine clinical use are rheumatoid factors (RF) and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP‐Ab).…”