Rheumatic polymyalgia: clinic, diagnosis, principles of therapy (to help the primary care physician)

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of elderly people. Among the patients of the primary care physician, without a doubt, those who are over 60 years old predominate. A feature of the elderly is polymorbidity. Combined pathology, numerous complaints of patients make it difficult to diagnose diseases, require patience from the doctor, and, of course, knowledge. There are diseases that are peculiar only to the elderly, developing only after 50 years. These include rheumatic polymyalgia. This pathology is not frequent and, in this regard, is not very familiar to outpatient therapists. However, it is to them that elderly patients turn with complaints of pain and stiffness in the shoulder and/or pelvic girdle, in the neck, in the joints of the hands, fever, weight loss, sleep disorders, depression, general malaise (the main complaints of patients with rheumatic polymyalgia). The above-mentioned clinical manifestations, as well as the high laboratory activity inherent in this disease, make the doctor look for malignant neoplasms, infectious, systemic processes. This takes a long time, the diagnosis is delayed, the sufferings of the patient are prolonged. The article presents data on the prevalence, clinical features, methods of diagnosis of rheumatic polymyalgia and its differential diagnosis. The criteria of the disease, the principles of management of the patient at the outpatient stage (step-by-step treatment with glucocorticoids, alternative approaches, prevention of side effects of therapy, which develop quite often) are also given. Awareness of primary care physicians about rheumatic polymyalgia, its manifestations and diagnostic methods will speed up the diagnosis, timely consultation of the patient with a rheumatologist, which will allow you to start adequate treatment, significantly improve the quality of life of an elderly patient, and prevent the destabilization of concomitant diseases.