Rhesus macaques compensate for reproductive delay following ecological adversity early in life

Luevano, Logan; Sutherland, Chris; Gonzalez, Stephanie; Hernández‐Pacheco, Raisa

doi:10.1002/ece3.8456

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Prior evidence show that hurricanes affect negatively the dynamics of animal populations mainly through changes in food and habitat structure (Klinger, 2006;Pavelka & Behie, 2005;Woolbright, 1991), but few studies have shown the long-term effects on fertility and mortality (Luevano et al, 2022;Morcillo et al, 2020;Pavelka et al, 2007). The effects of hurricanes on the population dynamics of Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques are mostly driven by reductions in mean annual fertility, suggesting that survival is maintained at the expense of reproduction (Morcillo et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although food provisioning -and thus census taking -was resumed between 1 to 3 days after each hurricane (Morcillo et al, 2020), there is evidence of significant hurricane effects on several aspects of the population. Each hurricane caused 60-90% of canopy loss immediately after the event (Morcillo et al, 2020), and changes in the social structure (Testard et al, 2021), adverse demographic effects such as suppressed fertility (Luevano et al, 2022;Morcillo et al, 2020), as well as alterations in immune cell gene regulation (Watowich et al, 2022) associated to hurricanes have been reported.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hurricanes are rare, yet their extreme acute nature can have profound impacts on life courses. They can reduce long-term population fitness through direct mortality (Batista & Platt, 2003;Wiley & Wunderle, 1993), suppressed fertility (Gannon & Willig, 1994;Luevano et al, 2022;Morcillo et al, 2020), increased physiological stress (Behie & Pavelka, 2014), increased social disorganization (Pavelka et al, 2003), and alterations in gene expression (Watowich et al, 2022). Climate models predict increases in the frequency of intense hurricanes (Bloemendaal et al, 2022;Holland & Webster, 2007), but how populations will respond to such sustained environmental change remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural disasters generate heterogeneity in individual life histories

Diaz

Steiner

Tuljapurkar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Extreme climatic events may influence individual-level variability in phenotypes, survival, and reproduction, and thereby drive the pace of evolution. Here, we quantify how experiencing major hurricanes influences individual life courses in the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Our results show that major hurricanes increase heterogeneity in reproductive life courses despite an average reduction in mean fertility and survival, i.e. shortened life courses. In agreement with this, the population is expected to achieve stable population dynamics faster after a hurricane. Our work suggests that natural disasters force individuals into new niches to potentially reduce strong competition during poor environments where mean reproduction and survival are compromised. We also demonstrate that variance in lifetime reproductive success and longevity are differently affected by hurricanes, and such variability is mostly driven by survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural disasters generate heterogeneity in individual life histories

Diaz

Steiner

Tuljapurkar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…On average, female macaques on Cayo Santiago that experienced hurricanes had a delayed reproductive start (i.e., later age at first birth). However, females appeared to compensate for this delay by producing more offspring during their prime reproductive years compared to females who did not experience a hurricane (Luevano et al, 2022). The natural disaster-related changes in reproductive biology may lead or be linked to modified aging trajectories which have yet to be explored.…”

Section: Ecological Modifiers Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of aging in a social world: insights from free-ranging rhesus macaques

Newman

Testard

DeCasien

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Social adversity can increase the age-associated risk of disease and death, yet the biological mechanisms that link social adversities to aging remain poorly understood. Long-term naturalistic studies of nonhuman animals are crucial for integrating observations of social behavior throughout an individual"'"s life with detailed anatomical, physiological, and molecular measurements. Here, we synthesize the body of research from one such naturalistic study system, Cayo Santiago Island, which is home to the world's longest continuously monitored free-ranging population of rhesus macaques. We review recent studies of age-related variation in morphology, gene regulation, microbiome composition, and immune function. We also discuss ecological and social modifiers of age-markers in this population. In particular, we summarize how a major natural disaster, Hurricane Maria, affected rhesus macaque physiology and social structure and highlight the context-dependent and domain-specific nature of aging modifiers. Finally, we conclude by providing directions for future study, on Cayo Santiago and elsewhere, that will further our understanding of aging across different domains and how social adversity modifies aging processes.

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“…The abundant amount of feed can affect the reproductive success of long-tailed macaques, thus causing the birth of individuals more quickly [7]. However, on the other hand, macaques also have a high survival rate, even being able to compensate for the ecological pressures in the form of an increased reproduction rate [27]. Mount Merapi National Park is a nature conservation forest with an original ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Estimation and Identification of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Group at Tlogo Muncar Tourism Area, Mount Merapi National Park, After Two Years Closure Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic

Bernathirdin,

Wijayanto,

Kusindarta

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis is one of the most common primates in Indonesia. In Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the long-tailed macaque is habituated in Merapi Forest. The study aims to estimate the long-tailed macaque population and re-identification of groups. Moreover, we will observe the social structures that probably changed because of the interruption of interaction with visitors after the closure of the Tlogo Muncar area during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimation population study was done using the concentration method. The long-tailed macaque group in Tlogo Muncar consists of three groups: Waterfalls, Mosque, and Joglo Trubus. The study was also identifying the alpha male of each group. The dataset obtained was processed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed descriptively. The results show that the estimated long-tailed macaque population in Tlogo Muncar area is 282 individuals. Alpha male identification of each group found alpha males in the Waterfall Group characterized by a lump on the left eyelid and a wound on the left hand. The alpha male of the Mosque Group is marked by a lump on his left eyelid with maxillary prognathism, while the alpha male of the Joglo Trubus Group has transverse scratches on the nose. The results showed an increase in the long-tailed macaque population in Tlogo Muncar area from 201 individuals in 2021 to 282 individuals in 2022. The increase of ecological pressure perhaps caused the rise in population number in 2022 during the closure of the area, to which the adult female responded by increasing their reproduction rate. The reopening of Tlogo Muncar after the Covid-19 pandemic has increased feed availability and attracted monkeys to forage outside the forest.

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Rhesus macaques compensate for reproductive delay following ecological adversity early in life

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 15 publications

References 65 publications

Natural disasters generate heterogeneity in individual life histories

Natural disasters generate heterogeneity in individual life histories

The biology of aging in a social world: insights from free-ranging rhesus macaques

Population Estimation and Identification of Long-Tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Group at Tlogo Muncar Tourism Area, Mount Merapi National Park, After Two Years Closure Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic

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