Rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose

Ghannam, Mamdouh T.; Esmail, M. N.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19970411)64:2<289::aid-app9>3.3.co;2-8

Cited by 39 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…The aim was to induce positive responses in fruits via the application of in-season Ca sprays and by adding the adjuvant CMC to the formulations. Such additive is commonly used in the food industry as thickener, water binder or as emulsion stabiliser (Ghannam and Esmail, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of suitable adjuvants into spray formulations can help increase the rate of retention, spreading, penetration and drying of the solution, thereby, improving the performance of fertilisers. Sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether of cellulose (CMC) is a food additive used by the agro-food industry to improve e.g., moisture retention, as a thickener or as an emulsion stabiliser (Ghannam and Esmail, 1998;Nie et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the performance of calcium-containing spray formulations to limit the incidence of bitter pit in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Blanco

Fernández

Val

2010

Scientia Horticulturae

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Laboratory and field experiments were carried out with apples (Malus x domestica Bork) cv. 'Golden Reinders', to assess the efficacy of sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether of cellulose (0.5%, CMC) as an adjuvant for Ca spray formulations containing either Cachloride or Ca-propionate as active ingredient (120 or 250 mM Ca). This additive significantly increased the retention of Ca-containing solutions by the apple skin and prolonged the process of drying of the solution at room temperature. Four days after immersion of apples in 0.5% CMC plus CaCl 2 or Ca-propionate solutions (120 and 250 mM Ca) significant Ca increases were recorded in the peel and cortex of treated fruits. Application to apple trees of in-season sprays containing 250 mM CaCl 2 plus 0.05% Tween 20, Ca-propionate (120 and 250 mM Ca) plus 0.5% CMC or 250 mM CaCl 2 plus 0.5% CMC had no impact on fruit yield and quality, but significantly limited the rate of bitter pit incidence during the following 3-month cold-storage period. Evidence is provided that addition of appropriate adjuvants to Ca sprays can favour the distribution of Ca into the apple fruit and help to reduce the incidence of Ca-related disorders over the postharvest cold-storage period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the performance of calcium-containing spray formulations to limit the incidence of bitter pit in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

Blanco

Fernández

Val

2010

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…2 the rheological curves for the CMC solution used in the present experiment. It is worthy to note that viscoelastic effects are already observed with the adopted concentration, as reported in [25,26]. From velocity measurements and from the curve η(γ ) we deduce the corresponding value of the viscosity for the CMC solution and, then, we prepare an appropriate Glycerol solution, which matches the calculated non-Newtonian viscosity.…”

Section: Choice Of a Non-newtonian Fluid And Scaling Argumentmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Dynamic viscosities of the distilled water and the Glycerol solution are measured using a falling ball viscometer at a room temperature of about 20 • C. The shear thinning fluid used in the present experiments is an aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which is a nontoxic water soluble polymer of sodium salt (CH 2 COONa). The rheological response to steady-state shear flow test for the CMC can be modeled by the power law Ostwald-de-Waele equation written as [25,26]:…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale flow structures in particle–wall collision at low Deborah numbers

Guala

Stocchino

2007

European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids

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PIV measurements of two dimensional velocity fields during the rebound of a steel spherical particle colliding a wall are provided in Newtonian fluids (distilled water and aqueous solution of Glycerol) and in a viscoelastic shear thinning fluid (aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose). The experiments are designed in order to reproduce the same conditions in which the coefficient of restitution was observed to be significantly affected by viscoelasticity at the typical scales of the lubrication layer [A. Stocchino, M. Guala, Particle-wall collision in shear thinning fluids, Exp. Fluids 65 (2005) 17-46]. In such conditions, the Deborah number, which is a measure of the relevance of the viscoelastic effects compared to the inertial effects, is however relatively low. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relative influence of the elasticity and of the shear thinning character of the nonNewtonian fluid on the large scale flow structures triggered by the particle impact. Special attention is dedicated to the definition of a proper viscosity when the non-Newtonian fluid is involved. In this respect, a scaling argument is suggested to derive the value of the viscosity for an assigned rate of strainγ , given a constitutive law of the kind τ = τ (γ ), where τ is the shear stress. The scaling analysis is supported by previous works on particle settling in non-Newtonian fluids and by recent studies on the flow structures that form as a consequence of a particle-wall collision in Newtonian fluids. The experimental validation of the proposed scaling is provided by first choosing a Newtonian fluid with viscosity equal to the non-Newtonian viscosity and, then, carrying out a comparative analysis of the large-scale vortical structure formed during the collision-rebound process. The statistical analysis suggests that the large scale flow structures observed during the Glycerol experiment and the CMC solution experiment behaves similarly in term of spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, at least for the values of the dimensionless parameters investigated, the shear thinning character of the non-Newtonian fluid employed is dominant with respect of its viscoelasticity.

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“…During the preparation of the emulsion system, a surfactant is usually added into the oil-aqueous solution as an emulsifying agent to accomplish two functions; to lower the oil-aqueous solution interfacial tension, and to stabilize the presence of the oil droplet phase within the aqueous continuous face to avoid the oil droplet coalescence mechanism [9], [10]. Cocamide DEA or Cocamide diethanolamine, is a non-ionic, biodegradable, and low in toxicity surfactant made by mixing the fatty acids from coconut oils with diethanolamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%