Rheological evaluation of a sodium silicate gel system for water management in mature, naturally-fractured oilfields

Pham, Lieu T.; Hatzignatiou, D.G.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2015.11.039

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Note that (a) practically the same trend was also observed for System A gels, and (b) examination of MCP versus time data at other temperatures shows that gels reach their maximum MCP values at different aging times which is temperature dependent; more specifically, gels formed at lower temperatures will require longer aging times to reach their maximum MCP value. Similar observations, based on rheological measurements, were also reported by Pham and Hatzignatiou (2015). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The effect of calcium ions on gelation time was also studied both through core flood experiments and sodium silicate gelant systems exposed to crushed carbonate rocks; both type of tests yielded reduced gelation times compared to the cases when calcium ions were absent from the engaged activator. Pham and Hatzignatiou (2015) using dynamic oscillatory tests also observed similar results. The authors stated that the gelation kinetics of the investigated silicate system is controlled by several parameters including concentration of silicate, concentration of activator, temperature and presence of divalent ions (Ca 2ϩ and Mg 2ϩ ).…”

Section: Rock/fluid Interactionssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Figure 4b illustrates the complexviscosity of System B with time at 60°C. The corresponding point to the cross-over point in Figure 4a is marked in this graph that matches with the start of the increase in complex viscosity (see also Pham and Hatzignatiou, 2015). Figure 5 shows the recorded G=-GЉ crossover times for the six selected gelant systems at 80°C.…”

Section: Spe-173853-msmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Two methods were used in this study; the traditional tube testing, a semi-quantitative method, uses predefined codes to describe the gelation process (Sydansk, 1990;Stavland et al, 2011) and the dynamic oscillatory tests by using gel storage-loss moduli (G=-GЉ) crossover point method (Pham and Hatzignatiou, 2015;Mezger, 2011;Liu and Seright, 2001;Broseta et al, 2000).…”

Section: Gelation Time and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers conducted rheological measurement studies to characterize gelant and gels for use in conformance improvements in reservoirs (for example, Liu and Seright, 2001;Broseta et al, 2000). Among a number of rheological measures to detect gel time available in literature (Ross-Murphy, 1995;Gunasekaran and Ak, 2000), the G=-GЉ crossover point method is used in this study (see also Pham and Hatzignatiou, 2015). G= and GЉ are known as shear elastic (storage) modulus and shear elastic (loss) modulus, respectively.…”

Section: Gelation Time and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Laboratory Testing of Environmentally Friendly Chemicals for Water Management

Hatzignatiou

Askarinezhad²,

Giske

et al. 2015

All Days

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of this work is to screen and evaluate laboratory mixtures of existing commercial, green sodium silicate chemicals that can be used for water management in carbonate naturally fractured (CNF) reservoirs. A thorough evaluation of a chemical for water management purposes requires the investigation of the chemical properties before, during, and after gelation. These properties are the gelant's viscosity, pH, filterability and injectivity, gelation time and kinetics of the gelation process, strength of the formed gel against applied external forces, gel stability, gel shrinkage, and post-gelation time behavior. This investigation has been conducted for different combinations (gelant systems) of sodium silicate with two types of polymers (a biopolymer and a synthetic polymer) along with a crosslinker.Measurements on the gelant systems viscosity showed that the base sodium silicate system has a low viscosity with a practically Newtonian behavior. Therefore, potential field placement difficulties may exist due to the lack of wellbore control with the possibility of the injected gellant reaching non-depleted formation regions; this can be partially addressed by improving the gelant's viscosity through the addition of polymers without sacrificing, or even increasing in some cases, the resulting gel strength. Gelant systems containing biopolymer resulted in a more shear-thinning behavior than other gelant systems, and the measured viscosity/shear-rate data could be well-matched with the Carreau model.Traditional tube testing and dynamic oscillatory tests, using an Anton-Paar MCR Rheometer, were performed to measure the gelation time and monitor the gelation process (initial viscous to viscoelastic state), and viscoelastic behavior of the formed gel at various temperatures. It was found that gelation time, a critical factor in the placement of the injected chemical system, can be tailored to field conditions by adjusting the gelant systems' contents and concentrations.The strength of the formed gels of various gelant systems were compared based on results from Maximum Compressional Pressure (MCP) tests. Strength tests showed promising gel behavior mainly for two of the selected gelant systems, one of which is the base system (sodium silicate without polymer additives) and the other is a silicate/biopolymer system. Silicate/synthetic-polymer, with or without crosslinker, systems yield significantly weaker gels. More detailed investigations are needed mostly on the interpretation of the tests to be able to upscale the laboratory results to field applications.In addition to bulk measurements, core flood tests were also conducted in artificially fractured carbonate cores to investigate gel isolation effectiveness, as well as formed gel stability and shrinkage at static gelation conditions. Although some shrinkage was observed over time in practically all core-scale experiments, the resulting core average permeabilities in post-gelation floods were significantly lower than the original fracture rock sample permeability;...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Rock/fluid Interactionssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Spe-173853-msmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Gelation Time and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gelation Time and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Laboratory Testing of Environmentally Friendly Chemicals for Water Management

Hatzignatiou

Askarinezhad²,

Giske

et al. 2015

All Days

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Vermiculite/polyacrylamide copolymers microspheres for profile control in oilfields

Shen

Wang

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyacrylamide copolymers (PAMVT) microspheres were prepared through inverse emulsion polymerization by using acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as functional monomers, N,N 0 -methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and modified vermiculite (MVMT) with the single-factor experiments. The initial and swelled particle sizes were tested through the dynamic light scattering (DLS). The swelled particle size under the optimum conditions could be 1.98 lm. The structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), which indicated that vermiculite has successfully modified and the polymerization reaction was completed. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that MVMT was evenly filled with PAM copolymers. The water absorption capacity can be up to 80.2%. The recovery efficiency of the water flooding was increased from 69.33% to 77.56%. All these results indicated that the microspheres emulsions could be used as profile control agent to enhance the recovery efficiency.

show abstract

Intelligent sustained‐release microgel for reduced permeability of fluid channels: Synthesis and properties

Song

Cai

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymer microspheres as fluid diverting agents have been applied for profile control in deep reservoirs. However, its reservoir adaptability strictly requires the matching between the particle size and the pore radius, which are hard to realize due to uncertainty of pore radius caused by long-term water flooding. That behavior has severely reduced their plugging performance to the large channel. The objective of this study was to prepare a kind of intelligent sustained-release microgel to solve the problem, which could slowly release of sodium silicate during migration, form the larger aggregates and plug high permeability reaching deep reservoir. We developed a novel blocking agent, which is an amphoteric microgel (OICMS) synthesized by light-initiated polymerization followed by the adsorption of a sodium silicate solution. The microgel properties, including the adsorption and release properties of a sodium silicate solution, and its influencing factors were investigated. The results showed that the OICMS had larger adsorption and release ratio of sodium silicate than conventional polymer microspheres, influenced by the ionic degree, molecular weight, amount of pore-forming agent, and cross-linking density.

show abstract

Rheological evaluation of a sodium silicate gel system for water management in mature, naturally-fractured oilfields

Cited by 53 publications

References 25 publications

Laboratory Testing of Environmentally Friendly Chemicals for Water Management

Laboratory Testing of Environmentally Friendly Chemicals for Water Management

Vermiculite/polyacrylamide copolymers microspheres for profile control in oilfields

Intelligent sustained‐release microgel for reduced permeability of fluid channels: Synthesis and properties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About