Rheological control on the radiant density of active lava flows and domes

Coppola, Diego; Laiolo, Marco; Piscopo, Davide; Cigolini, Corrado

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.005

Cited by 83 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This value is almost three times higher than the theoretical value suggested by Coppola et al [61]. Two additional fits were estimated based on the scatter pattern in TET-1 data (Figure 8), but neither of them presented a good fit for the theoretical value.…”

Section: Modis Observationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…An alternative estimate of TADR proposed by Coppola et al [61] is based on the radiant density c rad (Equation (8)), a parameter related to the silica content (see also Section 5.2). We followed this approach in our analysis of MODVOLC data.…”

Section: Time Averaged Lava Discharge Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the background temperature is unknown-MODVOLC only stores data for a detected anomaly but not for its vicinity. As TADR estimation using Equation (7) could not be used, we followed the radiant density approach proposed by Coppola et al [61]. They propose that radiant density is a function of the silica content within the magma.…”

Section: Modis Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, MODIS-like instruments are still indispensable for operational use. An elegant way to estimate TADR from MODIS data is to apply the radiant density approach [61] to the MODVOLC database. Equation (18) provides the estimate of radiant density, where X SiO2 is the silica content (wt%) of the erupted lava [61].…”

Section: Added Value Of Tet-1 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By applying the radiant density approach for Stromboli, whose minimal silica content is 50 wt% [61], the radiant density is estimated to 1.4ˆ10 8 J/m 3 . With upper estimated silica content for Stromboli of 55 wt%, the radiant density is even lower.…”

Section: Added Value Of Tet-1 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

2015

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Abstract:As specifically designed platforms are still unavailable at this point in time, lava flows are usually monitored remotely with the use of meteorological satellites. Generally, meteorological satellites have a low spatial resolution, which leads to uncertain results. This paper presents the first long term satellite monitoring of active lava flows on Stromboli volcano (August-November 2014) at high spatial resolution (160 m) and relatively high temporal resolution (~3 days). These data were retrieved by the small satellite Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), which was developed and built by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The satellite instrument is dedicated to high temperature event monitoring. The satellite observations were accompanied by field observations conducted by thermal cameras. These provided short time lava flow dynamics and validation for satellite data. TET-1 retrieved 27 datasets over Stromboli during its effusive activity. Using the radiant density approach, TET-1 data were used to calibrate the MODVOLC data and estimate the time averaged lava discharge rate. With a mean output rate of 0.87 m 3 /s during the three-month-long eruption, we estimate the total erupted volume to be 7.4ˆ10 6 m 3 .

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Section: Modis Observationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Time Averaged Lava Discharge Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modis Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Added Value Of Tet-1 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Added Value Of Tet-1 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

2015

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Multiple coincident eruptive seismic tremor sources during the 2014–2015 eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland

et al. 2017

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We analyze eruptive tremor during one of the largest effusive eruptions in historical times in Iceland (2014/2015 Holuhraun eruption). Seismic array recordings are compared with effusion rates deduced from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer recordings and ground video monitoring data and lead to the identification of three coexisting eruptive tremor sources. This contrasts other tremor studies that generally link eruptive tremor to only one source usually associated with the vent. The three sources are (i) a source that is stable in back azimuth and shows bursts with ramp‐like decrease in amplitude at the beginning of the eruption: we link it to a process below the open vents where the bursts correlate with the opening of new vents and temporary increases in the lava fountaining height; (ii) a source moving by a few degrees per month while the tremor amplitude suddenly increases and decreases: back azimuth and slowness correlate with the growing margins of the lava flow field, whilst new contact with a river led to fast increases of the tremor amplitude; and (iii) a source moving by up to 25° southward in 4 days that cannot be related to any observed surface activity and might be linked to intrusions. We therefore suggest that eruptive tremor amplitudes/energies are used with caution when estimating eruptive volumes, effusion rates, or the eruption explosivity as multiple sources can coexist during the eruption phase. Our results suggest that arrays can monitor both the growth of a lava flow field and the activity in the vents.

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Tracking Formation of a Lava Lake From Ground and Space: Masaya Volcano (Nicaragua), 2014–2017

Aiuppa

Moor

Arellano

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

103

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A vigorously degassing lava lake appeared inside the Santiago pit crater of Masaya volcano (Nicaragua) in December 2015, after years of degassing with no (or minor) incandescence. Here we present an unprecedented‐long (3 years) and continuous volcanic gas record that instrumentally characterizes the (re)activation of the lava lake. Our results show that, before appearance of the lake, the volcanic gas plume composition became unusually CO2 rich, as testified by high CO2/SO2 ratios (mean: 12.2 ± 6.3) and low H2O/CO2 ratios (mean: 2.3 ± 1.3). The volcanic CO2 flux also peaked in November 2015 (mean: 81.3 ± 40.6 kg/s; maximum: 247 kg/s). Using results of magma degassing models and budgets, we interpret this elevated CO2 degassing as sourced by degassing of a volatile‐rich fast‐overturning (3.6–5.2 m3 s−1) magma, supplying CO2‐rich gas bubbles from minimum equivalent depths of 0.36–1.4 km. We propose this elevated gas bubble supply destabilized the shallow (<1 km) Masaya magma reservoir, leading to upward migration of vesicular (buoyant) resident magma, and ultimately to (re)formation of the lava lake. At onset of lava lake activity on 11 December 2015 (constrained by satellite‐based MODIS thermal observations), the gas emissions transitioned to more SO2‐rich composition, and the SO2 flux increased by a factor ∼40% (11.4 ± 5.2 kg/s) relative to background degassing (8.0 kg/s), confirming faster than normal (4.4 versus ∼3 m3 s−1) shallow magma convection. Based on thermal energy records, we estimate that only ∼0.8 of the 4.4 m3 s−1 of magma actually reached the surface to manifest into a convecting lava lake, suggesting inefficient transport of magma in the near‐surface plumbing system.

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Rheological control on the radiant density of active lava flows and domes

Cited by 83 publications

References 72 publications

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Multiple coincident eruptive seismic tremor sources during the 2014–2015 eruption at Holuhraun, Iceland

Tracking Formation of a Lava Lake From Ground and Space: Masaya Volcano (Nicaragua), 2014–2017

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