Rheological Considerations for Binder Development in Direct Ink Writing of Energetic Materials

Woods, Hannah; Boddorff, Andrew; Ewaldz, Elena; Adams, Zachary; Ketcham, Mitchell; Jang, Dong June; Sinner, Elizabeth; Thadhani, Naresh N.; Brettmann, Blair

doi:10.1002/prep.201900159

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The samples were mixed with a Flacktek DAC400.2VAC-LR programmable speed mixer operating using a procedure optimized in our past work. 11 The inks are mixed at 1000 rpm for 30 s and then at 1500 rpm for 150 s for a total of 3 min mixing. With this mixing procedure, the temperature of the ink increased by less than 12 C from interparticle friction.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Designing inks for DIW that have good shape fidelity requires careful selection of the materials, which may include polymers, monomers, particles, and solvents and the composition of the mixture. 11 DIW inks can be composed of aerogels, 20 hydrogels, 22 polymer solutions, 8,11,19 and other viscoelastic liquids. Insoluble solids, such as metals 8 and ceramics, 23 can also be manufactured by DIW through the use of a polymeric binder liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,28 Despite these advantages, increases in solids loading are limited by the resulting increase in viscosity caused by greater particle-particle interactions in polymer bound systems. 11,[29][30][31] As a result, studies aiming for highly loaded inks usually operate between 30 and 50 vol% solid. 20,[31][32][33] One way to circumvent the viscosity limitation on solid loading is to change the particle size distribution in polymer binder systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After printing suspended ceramic and metal particles in a polymer binder, the printed shape is typically solidified through either photopolymerization 22,24 or the evaporation of volatile solvents. 8,11,19,25 During photopolymerization, the polymer binder is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light either during 22 or after 11 ink deposition, leading to polymerization and crosslinking. In both cases, UV curing must be controlled so that ink does not cure prematurely and cause nozzle blockage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct ink write 3D printing of high solids loading bimodal distributions of particles

et al. 2021

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As additive manufacturing (AM) expands as a processing technology for structurally customizable materials, there is increasing interest in printing with high particle contents. For suspensions with particle contents of over 50 vol%, there are significant formulation and processing challenges due to increased interparticle friction and suspension complexity. We focus on suspensions with bimodal particle distributions and two common binder systems, a high molecular weight polymer in a solvent that solidifies via solvent evaporation and a monomer mixture that cures via ultraviolet irradiation. We examine the interplay between formulation and processing and show that the formulation effects are particularly important at optimal printing parameters, but that they are overcome by processing-related defects at sub-optimal parameters. By understanding the processing and formulation effects specific to direct ink write AM of high solids suspensions, new customized inks can be designed for a wide range of applications, including construction, energetics, and ceramics.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct ink write 3D printing of high solids loading bimodal distributions of particles

et al. 2021

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“…Nanoparticles dis persed in viscous plastic melts or highly concentrated solutions can facilitate the formation of liquid crystalline phases due to particle selfassembly driven by the Brownian movement (Figure 8h,i). [22,84,277,[312][313][314][315][316][317][318][319][320][321] In the absence of flow, particles are locally aligned within liquid crystal domains, but the different orientation of individual domains leads to the global random distribution of particle orientations. These domains will reor ganize under shear flow and determine the final microstruc tures during extrusion processing.…”

Section: Fdm Extrusion-induced Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing‐Enabled Nanoparticle Alignment: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications

Jambhulkar

Ravichandran

et al. 2021

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3D printing (additive manufacturing (AM)) has enormous potential for rapid tooling and mass production due to its design flexibility and significant reduction of the timeline from design to manufacturing. The current state-of-the-art in 3D printing focuses on material manufacturability and engineering applications. However, there still exists the bottleneck of low printing resolution and processing rates, especially when nanomaterials need tailorable orders at different scales. An interesting phenomenon is the preferential alignment of nanoparticles that enhance material properties. Therefore, this review emphasizes the landscape of nanoparticle alignment in the context of 3D printing. Herein, a brief overview of 3D printing is provided, followed by a comprehensive summary of the 3D printing-enabled nanoparticle alignment in wellestablished and in-house customized 3D printing mechanisms that can lead to selective deposition and preferential orientation of nanoparticles. Subsequently, it is listed that typical applications that utilized the properties of ordered nanoparticles (e.g., structural composites, heat conductors, chemo-resistive sensors, engineered surfaces, tissue scaffolds, and actuators based on structural and functional property improvement). This review's emphasis is on the particle alignment methodology and the performance of composites incorporating aligned nanoparticles. In the end, significant limitations of current 3D printing techniques are identified together with future perspectives.

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Recent Development and Applications of Advanced Materials via Direct Ink Writing

Tsang

Zhang

Hui³

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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the hydrogel. Although extensive efforts have been devoted to this endeavor, most studies are still in the fundamental laboratory scale. Only a few real applications in the areas of energy storage (lithium ion batteries [LIBs], supercapacitor) and energy conversion (fuel cell) have been reported. [6][7][8] As a result, the development of new technology to fabricate advanced materials may provide a breakthrough in the limitations of traditional fabrication techniques for nanomaterial-based device preparation.Additive manufacturing (AM), including 3D printing, is the best solution to overcome the barrier associated with traditional fabrication methodology, because it is template free and does not require a lithographic mask compared to traditional methods. [2a-c] Besides, 3D printing technology is also popular in real life, including food making [9] and building house. [10] Seven types of 3D printing technologies were developed in past decades, including 1) powder bed fusion, 2) binder jet, 3) directed energy deposition, 4) material jetting, 5) sheet lamination, 6) vat polymerization (e.g., stereolithography (SLA)), and 7) material extrusion (e.g., fused deposition modeling (FDM), direct ink writing (DIW)). [11] Owing to the involvement of 2D structures, [11a] high cost, [11b,c] and limited materials selection [11c] for powder bed fusion, binder jet, directed energy deposition, material jetting, and sheet lamination technologies, their popularity was not as high as that of SLA, FDM, and DIW in both scientific research and commercial products development. Thus, this review focuses Direct ink writing (DIW), a type of extrusion-based 3D printing method, enables the rapid design and building of size-and shape-scalable 3D structures in a low-cost and green manner without the need for specific size reactors and secondary substrates compared to traditional synthesis methods. Coupling the use of sol-gel inks with optimized rheological properties (elastoviscosity and shear stress) and a wide range of nanomaterials enhances the mechanical and electrical conductivity of printed products. In this review, the recent development in DIW methods, critical requirements for printable DIW inks, and applications of DIW-printed products in medical, energy storage, and environmental treatment are reviewed. A perspective outlook associated with limitations from current DIW research is proposed for the breakthrough development of such technology in the future.

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Rheological Considerations for Binder Development in Direct Ink Writing of Energetic Materials

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record.

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Direct ink write 3D printing of high solids loading bimodal distributions of particles

Direct ink write 3D printing of high solids loading bimodal distributions of particles

3D Printing‐Enabled Nanoparticle Alignment: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications

Recent Development and Applications of Advanced Materials via Direct Ink Writing

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