Rheological behaviour of gelled, waxy North Sea crude oils

Rønningsen, Hans Petter

doi:10.1016/0920-4105(92)90019-w

Cited by 163 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, it is well known that heavy crude oil can exhibit non-Newtonian behavior because of the structured network formed by macromolecules, such as asphaltene [17]. Although a numbers of studies report how the heavy crude oil viscosity responds to shear rate [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], only a few address CO2 and heavy crude oil mixtures. To our best knowledge, only the work by Behzadfar et al reported the rheology measurement of the mixture of CO2 and a bitumen [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology and Phase Behavior of Carbon Dioxide and Crude Oil Mixtures

Crawshaw

Trusler

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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KEYWORDSRheology, phase behavior, heavy crude oil, carbon dioxide, viscosity, non-Newtonian fluid ABSTRACTThe rheology of Zuata heavy crude oil, saturated with carbon dioxide, was studied at a temperature of 50 °C and pressures up to 220 bar. Observations of phase behavior were also reported and used to interpret the rheological data. The crude oil is very viscous and non-Newtonian at ambient pressure, but when brought into equilibrium with CO2 the non-Newtonian behavior was weakened and eventually disappeared at high CO2 pressures. When diluted with 10 wt% and 30 wt% toluene, the diluted crude oils and their mixtures with CO2 behaved as Newtonian fluids. The CO2 saturated mixture of the crude oil samples showed an exponential decrease in viscosity with increasing CO2 pressure, but an increase in viscosity at higher pressures. Observing through a view cell, the CO2 dissolution caused a swelling effect on the original crude. When saturated with CO2, the swelling effect also occurred on the 10 wt% diluted crude oil, but the volume of the oil rich phase was 2 decreased at higher pressures. However, for the 30 wt% diluted crude oil, a second liquid phase was observed on top of the oil rich phase, at pressures higher than the CO2 critical point. The mixture viscosity was inversely proportional to the CO2 solubility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology and Phase Behavior of Carbon Dioxide and Crude Oil Mixtures

Crawshaw

Trusler

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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“…Contradicting observations were also documented. [5] observed that a larger cooling rate produced stronger gels while [6][7][8] observed otherwise. The strength of the gelled waxy crude oil described in the literature cited above can be obtained utilizing various geometries on the rheometer; the cone and plate, the parallel plate and the vane geometry; and protocols; the creep-recovery test, the oscillatory test, the stress ramp test and many more which may possibly contribute to the variation of findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In describing the gelation and yielding behavior for gelled waxy crude oil for example, many literatures and findings are available. [5][6][7][8] studied the effect of cooling rate on the strength of the waxy crude oil gels formed under static cooling. Contradicting observations were also documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Investigation on the Effect of Shear and Time Dependent Behavior of Waxy Crude Oil

Japper-Jaafar

Bhaskoro

Sariman

et al. 2014

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract-Rheological measurements are essential in transporting crude oil, especially for waxy crude oil. Several rheological measurements have been conducted to determine various rheological properties of waxy crude oil including the viscosity, yield strength, wax appearance temperature (WAT), wax disappearance temperature (WDT), storage modulus and loss modulus, amongst others, by using controlled stress rheometers. However, a procedure to determine the correct parameters for rheological measurements is still unavailable in the literature. The paper aims to investigate the effect of shear and time dependent behaviours of waxy crude oil during rheological measurements. It is expected that the preliminary work could lead toward a proper rheological measurement guideline for reliable rheological measurement of waxy crude oil.

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“…Early literature suggests that waxy crudes are highly non-Newtonian fluids with complex flow properties which depend on factors such as the temperature and shear rate [6], [7]. Further research by Al-Zahrani and Al-Fariss [7], show that certain crudes that exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour have their rheological properties greatly influenced by the wax concentration in addition to the temperature and shear rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equally important as the presence of wax in the investigation of the fluid behaviour of the crude is the shear mechanism and thermal history experienced during any prior treatment of the oil [6], [12]- [14]. These factors significantly influence the rheology of waxy crudes and adequate care should be taken during measurement and data interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Properties of Water–oil Mixtures Involving Waxing

Lao

Agunloye

2017

Computational and Experimental Methods in Multiphase and Complex Flow IX

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Non-Newtonian fluids exist extensively in the oil and gas industry and possess distinct physical properties that differ from those of Newtonian fluids. The multiphase flow involving non-Newtonian fluids have posed a serious challenge to the industry; however, comprehensive information expressing a wider knowledge of the mixture properties have not been well acquired. The focus of this paper is on water-oil mixtures involving petroleum wax, and seeks to highlight the waxing issue which is frequently encountered in offshore oil and gas transport pipelines. Experimental tests are carried out to investigate the behaviour of the water-oil mixture (with wax composition) and examine their fundamental physical and rheological properties. Furthermore, the effect of changes in temperature and varying water volume fraction on the shear rate -shear stress characteristics of the mixture are also considered. Results from this study show that the mixture properties depend significantly on temperature changes, fluid composition and the water content. Investigations also suggest that the phase inversion phenomenon has a significant impact on the shear rate-shear stress characteristics of the non-Newtonian oil/water mixture.

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Rheological behaviour of gelled, waxy North Sea crude oils

Cited by 163 publications

References 30 publications

Rheology and Phase Behavior of Carbon Dioxide and Crude Oil Mixtures

Rheology and Phase Behavior of Carbon Dioxide and Crude Oil Mixtures

Rheological Investigation on the Effect of Shear and Time Dependent Behavior of Waxy Crude Oil

Physical Properties of Water–oil Mixtures Involving Waxing

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