Rheological behaviors of fluorinated hydrophobically associating cationic guar gum fracturing gel

A novel and cleaner bio-polymer Gum Karaya-based Silica nanocomposite fracturing fluid for high-temperature application

“…Conventionally, the water-soluble polymers like Guar and its derivatives like Carboxyl Methyl Hydroxyl Propyl Guar (CMHPG) in linear or metal ions-cross-linked form are being used as thickening agents to develop sufficiently high viscosity to fracture the formation under high-pressure and to carry the proppant to the fracture. It is desirable that these highly viscous gels should maintain their stability till the fracture opening and should be broken into a low viscosity fluid as soon as the proppant is placed into the fractures (Song et al 2016;Yegin et al 2016). However, partially or unbroken polymeric fluids generate residues upon breaking, causing a significant reduction in the effective permeability by clogging the pores of the formation and the proppant pack.…”

“…Application of nanotechnology for developing "smart nanofluids" could be adopted to solve this formation damage problem. These nanofluids have exceptionally high surface-to-volume ratio that provides the advantages of high thermal stability, elasticity, viscosity and wettability alteration to operate in HTHP conditions of the reservoir without increasing the polymer concentration (Cocuzza et al 2011;Matteo et al 2012;Song et al 2016;Yegin et al 2016).…”

Rheological properties of a cross-linked gel based on guar gum for hydraulic fracture of oil wells

“…Moreover, most of them are produced with guar gum (GG), a natural bio-polymer, extracted from seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba or Cyamopsis psoraloides, native from India. This bio-polymer is extensively used as a visco-elastic agent for hydraulic fracturing [16,18,33,39]. However, some rheological aspects of this gel are still missing, because of its slippery nature, for example, which is crucial for flow assurance predictions.…”

“…It is worth mentioning other relevant Fig. 1 Overview of offshore hydraulic fracturig process studies in which the rheological properties of gels produced with guar gum were considered [17,19,33,34,36]. In all the mentioned studies, the rheological analysis was restricted to flow curves and eventually the evaluation of G ′ and G ′′ , respectively, the storage and the loss modulus.…”

Fluorinated anionic fenugreek gum: their self-assembly behaviors and use as a novel thickening agent in fracturing gel

“…19 Therefore, their properties of thickening effects, salt resistance, and heat resistance are preferable when the uorinated monomers are used as hydrophobic groups. 20,21 Broken-gel liquids containing uorinated groups possess a much lower surface tension and interfacial tension, which help produce more oil. In addition, when the uorinated groups are incorporated into the molecules, they play the role of clean-up additives.…”