Rheological behavior of commercial artificial tear solutions

Arshinoff, Steve A.; Hofmann, Ilan; Nae, Hemi

doi:10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000507

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…by a log-log plot) and locating the second Newtonian plateau. 34 However, because of limitations in the range of shear rates rendered by the rheometer, this value was unable to be obtained. Thus a power-law model was chosen and used to fit all the data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear-Thinning and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Relationships of Contemporary Ocular Lubricants

Kapadia

Ning

Zhao

et al. 2022

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose To evaluate the shear viscosity of contemporary, commercially available ocular lubricants at various shear rates and temperatures and to derive relevant mathematical viscosity models that are impactful for prescribing and developing eye drops to treat dry eye disease. Methods The shear viscosity of 12 ocular lubricants was measured using a rheometer and a temperature-controlled bath at clinically relevant temperatures at which users may experience exposure to the drops (out of the refrigerator [4.3°C]; room temperature [24.6°C]; ocular surface temperature [34.5°C]). Three replicates for each sample at each temperature were obtained using a standard volume (0.5 mL) of each sample. The viscosity of each ocular lubricant was measured over the full range of shear rates allowed by the rheometer. Results The shear viscosity of the same ocular lubricant varied significantly among the three temperatures. In general, a higher temperature resulted in smaller viscosities than a lower temperature (an average of −48% relative change from 4.3°C to 24.6°C and −21% from 24.6°C to 34.5°C). At a constant temperature, the viscosity of an ocular lubricant over the studied shear rates can be well approximated by a power-law model. Conclusions Rheological analysis revealed that the ocular lubricants exhibited shear-thinning behavior at the measured temperatures. Differences in the ocular lubricants’ formulations and measured temperatures resulted in different viscosities. Translational Relevance When prescribing eye drops, eye care professionals can select the optimal one for their patients by considering a variety of factors, including its rheological property at physiologically relevant shear rates and temperatures, which can improve residence time on the ocular surface, while ensuring appropriate comfort and vision. However, care must be taken when using the derived mathematical models in this study because the in vivo shear behavior of the ocular lubricants has not been examined and might show deviations from those reported when placed on the ocular surface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear-Thinning and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Relationships of Contemporary Ocular Lubricants

Kapadia

Ning

Zhao

et al. 2022

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…According to the length of time the artificial tears keep the ocular surface moisturized after instillation, the artificial tears are divided into 5 generations. At present, there are more than ten kinds of artificial tears available for clinicians, including dextran-70 eye drops, polyethylene glycol 400 eye drops, carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium eye drops 0.3, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops 0.1, vitamin A palmitate eye drops, carbomer sorbic acid eye drops, Sodium Hyaluronate 0.1 Eye Drops, Sodium Hyaluronate 0.3 Eye Drops, Polyvinyl Alcohol Eye Drops, Polyvinyl alcohol eye drops (38). Although there are many types of artificial tears, each type of artificial tears has its indications.…”

Section: Replenish Tearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Grand

Mossel

2021

Sci Insigt

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Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, also known as dry eye disease, is an inflammatory condition of the ocular surface caused by a pathologic reduction in the aqueous component of the tear film. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca usually manifests as dry eyes, foreign bodies, burning, itching, blurred vision, red eyes, and contact lens intolerance. In the reported epidemiological investigations, the global prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca was 5%-50% due to different populations and diagnostic criteria. Wearing contact lenses can aggravate symptoms. This paper reviews the research progress of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

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“…Some non-Newtonian artificial tears exhibit yield-shear behavior, which means these tears flow only when the shear stress is above the yield shear. The viscosity of these solutions is very high at rest (10 5 to 10 6 mPa•s); it decreases by a factor of 1 to 4 when the applied shear is above the yield-shear stress [15,16]. In addition, the viscosity of these solutions drops during the blink but never falls below a certain threshold (around 10 mPa•s, or ten times the viscosity of water).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Water-based artificial tears exhibit Newtonian behavior; their viscosity is relatively low and remains constant during all the phases of blinking. The viscosity of these products ranges from 1.5 to 2 millipascalsecond (mPa•s) and approaches even the viscosity of water (1 mPa•s) [15,16]. In addition, water-based artificial tears have a short ocular residence time and provide short, temporary relief from DED symptoms [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of a Gel-Based Artificial Tear Film with an Emphasis on Dry Disease Treatment Applications

Mehdaoui

Abderrahmane

Loubens

et al. 2021

Gels

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This paper discusses the spreading of gel-based ophthalmic formulation on the cornea surface assumed to be flat. We show that gel-based formulations exhibit rheological behaviors that the Herschel–Bulkley model can describe. The continuity and momentum equations are solved numerically using the monofluid formulation and the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. We investigated the influence of the rheological properties, namely the consistency, the yield stress, and the flow behavior index, on the spreading of a gel-based artificial tear over the cornea surface. We propose optimal values of these properties for efficient gel-based artificial tears.

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Rheological behavior of commercial artificial tear solutions

Abstract: Commercial artificial tears can be measured rheologically and thereby subdivided into non-Newtonian, moderately non-Newtonian, and Newtonian groups with respect to their viscous and elastic behaviors, which should reflect their performance.

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Shear-Thinning and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Relationships of Contemporary Ocular Lubricants

Shear-Thinning and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Relationships of Contemporary Ocular Lubricants

On the Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Dynamics of a Gel-Based Artificial Tear Film with an Emphasis on Dry Disease Treatment Applications

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