Rheological behavior and fiber spinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions at high CNT loading

Lu, Mingxuan; Liao, Jianshan; Gulgunje, Prabhakar; Chang, Huibin; Arias‐Monje, Pedro J.; Ramachandran, Jyotsna; Breedveld, Victor; Kumar, Satish

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123369

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As a simple demonstration, Figure 2d shows the fiber pulling effects of 20 wt% PVA and 5 wt% PVA/50 vol% BN solutions, both with a zero shear viscosity higher than 10 Pa s followed by a viscosity plateau (Figure S2, Supporting Information), favoring fiber gelation and layer retention in separate channels during fiber spinning. [ 62 ] PVA's high viscosity also prevented the transport of the adjacent BN nanoparticles across the layer interfaces, with a stable solution/suspension interface, shown in Figure S5 (Supporting Information). For comparison, lower PVA viscosity failed to prohibit interlayer nanoparticle diffusions and resulted in uneven BN distributions (i.e., layer disruptions in Figure S3a,b vs retaining layers in Figure S3c in the Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Nanoparticle Patterning Strategy in Layer‐Structured Nanocomposite Fibers

Franklin

Ravichandran

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Anisotropic polymer/nanoparticle composites display unique mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties depending on confirmation and configuration control of the composing elements. Processes, such as vapor deposition, ice-templating, nanoparticle self-assembly, additive manufacturing, or layer-by-layer casting, are explored to design and control nanoparticle microstructures with desired anisotropy or isotropy. However, limited attempts are made toward nanoparticle patterning during continuous fiber spinning due to the thin-diameter cross section and 1D features. Thus, this research focuses on a new patterning technique to form ordered nanoparticle assembly in layered composite fibers. As a result, distinct layers can be retained with innovative tool design, unique material combinations, and precise rheology control during fiber spinning. The layer multiplyingenabled nanoparticle patterning is demonstrated in a few material systems, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-boron nitride (BN)/PVA, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-aluminum (Al)/PAN, and PVA-BN/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/ PVA systems. This approach demonstrates an unprecedentedly reported fiber manufacturing platform for well-managed layer dimensions and nanoparticle manipulations with directional thermal and electrical properties that can be utilized in broad applications, including structural supports, heat exchangers, electrical conductors, sensors, actuators, and soft robotics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Nanoparticle Patterning Strategy in Layer‐Structured Nanocomposite Fibers

Franklin

Ravichandran

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Figure 4 and Figure S2 shows the viscosity and digital images according to the type and content of carbon nanomaterials manufactured based on the previously selected ball milling dispersion method in the graph. In this study, based on the CNT [8,9] and CNF [10] contents of previous studies that performed wet spinning based on carbon nanomaterials, the content of each carbon nanomaterial was adjusted to 8 wt%, 16 wt%, 24 wt%, and 32 wt% was selected to prepare a composite solution, and the viscosity of the prepared solution was confirmed.…”

Section: By Different Contents Of Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, research on conductive yarn based on spinning processes such as dry-jet spinning and wet spinning is steadily progressing by manufacturing a conductive nanofiller/polymer composite solution incorporating carbon nanofiller and metal nanowires in the polymer [3,6,7]. In particular, research on wet spinning for a carbon nanomaterial/polymer composite solution is in progress [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It is common to spinning a PAN polymer through wet spinning and does not require heat during the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is one of the most important polymers for preparing high-performance carbon fibers. Recently, carbon nanomaterial/PAN composite fibers with improved mechanical properties from the carbon fibers have been produced [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies manufacturing PAN-based carbon nanocomposite added fibers were conducted mainly to improve the mechanical strength by adding less than 1 wt% of carbon nanofillers [11][12][13][14][24][25][26]. To impart electrical properties, studies have been conducted using fillers with a high content of 15 wt% or more [8][9][10][11]. On the other hand, studies examining the rheological properties of composite solutions have been conducted to establish the appropriate spinning conditions because of the increased viscosity of the spinning dope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Optimization for Manufacturing PAN-Based Conductive Yarn with Carbon Nanomaterials through Wet Spinning

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to manufacture PAN-based conductive yarn using a wet-spinning process. Two types of carbon nanomaterials, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF), were used alone or in a mixture. First, to derive the optimal composite solution condition for the wet spinning process, a composite solution was prepared with carbon nanomaterials of the same total mass weight (%) and three types of mechanical stirring were performed: mechanical stirring, ultra-sonication, and ball milling. A ball milling process was finally selected by analyzing the viscosity. Based on the above results, 8, 16, 24, and 32 wt% carbon nanomaterial/PAN composite solutions were prepared to produce wet spinning-based composite films before preparing a conductive yarn, and their physical and electrical properties were examined. By measuring the viscosity of the composite solution and the surface resistance of the composite film according to the type and content of carbon nanomaterials, a suitable range of viscosity was found from 103 cP to 105 cP, and the electrical percolation threshold was from 16 wt% carbon nanomaterial/PAN, which showed a surface resistance of 106 Ω/sq or less. Wet spinning was possible with a PAN-based composite solution with a high content of carbon nanomaterials. The crystallinity, crystal orientation, tenacity, and thermal properties were improved when CNF was added up to 24 wt%. On the other hand, the properties deteriorated when CNTs were added alone due to aggregation. Mixing CNT and CNF resulted in poorer properties than with CNF alone, but superior properties to CNT alone. In particular, the electrical properties after incorporating 8 wt% CNT/16 wt% CNF into the PAN, 106 Ω/cm was similar to the PAN-based conductive yarn containing 32 wt% CNF. Therefore, this yarn is expected to be applicable to various smart textiles and wearable devices because of its improved physical properties such as strength and conductivity.

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Rheological behavior of PES/PVP/DMAc solution and PVP structural regulation for hollow fiber membrane

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Rheological study plays a significant role in hollow fiber membrane spinning process and membrane structure regulation. In this work, the rheological behaviors of polyethersulfone (PES) spinning solutions added the polyvinylpyrrolidone (grade of PVP‐K30, PVP‐K60, and PVP‐K90) were systematically investigated by rotational rheometry to understand how the PES membrane structure changes. Results show that PVP of variable molecular weights change the rheological properties of PES spinning solution, such as the viscosity (ηa), non‐Newtonian index (n), flow activation energy (Eη), structural viscosity index (∆η), storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G′′). The mixture with PVP‐K30 exhibits optimal spinnability but the finger‐like membrane structure is undesirable for the hemodialysis. The rheological behaviors of PES/PVP‐K60 and PES/PVP‐K90 reveal that increasing shear rate and temperature are effective ways to improve the spinnability of the mixture and the membrane structure is regulated. Meanwhile, the addition of PVP‐K60 or PVP‐K90 at their critical concentration to the PES solution can fabricate a hollow membrane with a sponge‐like structure. Combining spinnability and membrane structure, PVP‐K90 is a suitable additive for the hemodialysis membrane.

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Rheological behavior and fiber spinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions at high CNT loading

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Continuous Nanoparticle Patterning Strategy in Layer‐Structured Nanocomposite Fibers

Continuous Nanoparticle Patterning Strategy in Layer‐Structured Nanocomposite Fibers

Process Optimization for Manufacturing PAN-Based Conductive Yarn with Carbon Nanomaterials through Wet Spinning

Rheological behavior of PES/PVP/DMAc solution and PVP structural regulation for hollow fiber membrane

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