Rheological and tribological characterization of novel modified graphene/oil‐based nanofluids using force microscopy

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to improve the lubrication and anti-wear characteristics of nanofluids produced by the distribution of silane-modified graphene nanosheets into the base oil without any surfactant or dispersant. Nanofluids are among the hottest research topics currently studied in the literature due to their interesting thermal and rheological properties. Graphene nanosheet with unique physicochemical properties is a good alternative as a nanofluid component and a lubricant. In this study, the behavior of nanofluidic films on the material was investigated by using scanning probe techniques, phase-contrast microscopy, and friction force microscopy techniques. Due to stick-slip behavior and rheological properties that are dominant in the studied ranges, problems were encountered in performing tribological analyzes with friction force microscopy. On the other hand, these results have been beneficial in determining tribological factors in nanoscale. The presented nanofluids showed non-Newtonian behavior at high concentrations and shear rates and shown an improved tribological performance up to 43% in friction coefficient, 91% in wear, and 46% in thermal conductivity compared to the base oil.

Taxonomic investigation of selected rust fungi using scanning electron microscopy from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…More recently, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has made a massive impact in diverse branches of biological sciences particularly, the identification of macro and microflora (Ali et al, 2021; Ayaz et al, 2020; Caglayan, 2020; Gul et al, 2020; Hadidchi et al, 2020; Sabbah et al, 2020). However, SEM is rarely used in literature for the identification and characterization of Rust fungi.…”