Rheologic Behavior of Bovine Calf Serum

Wonerow, Tanja; Uhler, Maximilian; Nuppnau, Jens; Kretzer, Jan Philippe; Mantwill, Frank

doi:10.3390/ma14102538

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Choice of lubricant is also critical, with more modern versions of the ISO standard calling for higher levels of protein concentration (30 g/L) 26 and several studies demonstrating the effect on long-term wear performance across joint replacements simulator studies with demonstrated build-up of tribolayers. [45][46][47][48] The constituent makeup of the lubricant can also have an impact on the electrochemical performance. The choice of protein concentration in the present study was used previously by Hesketh et al 30,31 and enabled direct comparison to previous tests run on the same simulator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse loading effects on tribocorrosive degradation of 28 mm metal-on-metal hip replacement bearings

Beadling

Bryant

Dowson

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Following the high clinical failure rates of metal-on-metal total hip replacements much work has been undertaken to investigate their poor performance. So called adverse loading scenarios such as acetabular inclination and microseparation have been attributed to indicators for failure of the implants. The ISO hip simulation standards (ISO 14242:1) still rely on gravimetric and ex situ analysis, considering only the total wear during articulation. Live in situ sensing can provide valuable insight into the degradation mechanisms of metallic interfaces under such scenarios. Clinical 28 mm diameter metal-on-metal components were articulated in a full-ISO hip simulator. The bearings were subjected to increasing angles of acetabular inclination and retroversion over short-term periods of articulation. Corrosive degradation was monitored during sliding by means of an in situ three-electrode cell. Changing acetabular inclination from 30° to 50° resulted in greater cathodic shifts in OCP upon the initiation of sliding; from −50 mV to as much as −150 mV. Under anodic polarisation (0 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) the resultant currents at the initiation of sliding also increased significantly with inclination; from approximately 4–10 µA to over 120 µA. Increased retroversion of 20° also resulted in increased anodic currents of 55–60 µA. Changing the nature of articulation demonstrated increased corrosive material loss compared to a standard ISO 14242 profile. The sole use of gravimetric assessment to determine a wear rate for hip replacement bearings under simulation can therefore neglect important degradation mechanisms, such as tribocorrosive loss in devices with metal sliding interfaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse loading effects on tribocorrosive degradation of 28 mm metal-on-metal hip replacement bearings

Beadling

Bryant

Dowson

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…All the rheological investigations were carried out at 37 ± 0.04 • C, using a Physica MCR 702 rheometer (Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria) and a double-gap measuring system. Similar to previous studies, the dynamic viscosity η was determined, as a function of the shear rate in the interval between 10 1 s −1 and 10 3 s −1 ramping up in logarithmic steps [10,18]. Each test fluid was swished gently, before pouring it into the measuring cup.…”

Section: Rheological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Wear Behavior of Knee Implants at Different Load Levels: The Impact of the Test Fluid

Schroeder,

Uhler,

Schonhoff

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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Calf serum is defined as a test fluid for in vitro knee wear simulation studies in the ISO standard. However, protein degradation typically occurs during in vitro wear simulation. The current study should indicate whether increased loads change the rheological properties of the test fluid and may, therefore, lead to favorable tribological behavior and reduced wear. Three different load levels were simulated in a displacement-controlled knee wear simulation study. The gravimetric wear rates were determined, pressure measurements were performed, and the dynamic viscosity of the test fluids were analyzed after the simulation of 0.5 × 106 cycles. The lowest load level led to the lowest wear rate, and the lowest contact pressure and contact area, compared to the medium and high-load level. Although, the high-load level led to the highest contact pressure and contact area, the wear rates were comparable to the medium-load level. The rheological measurements revealed the highest dynamic viscosity for the high-load level and no differences could be found between the medium and low loading condition. To perform realistic wear simulation studies, the reproduction of the in vivo interrelationships between the shear forces and wear are necessary.

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“…Some works have evaluated the rheological properties of the protein solutions [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], but the main issue is to maintain the same viscosities of the physiological medium when the graphene-based nanoparticles are added, since changes in the viscosity of the protein solutions can affect to their structure. There are some works reporting the rheological behavior of nanoparticles in different media [ 29 , 30 ], in which the effect of various factors, such as preparation conditions, nanoparticle and base fluid properties, concentration, temperature, surface charge, and aggregation state on the rheological behavior of nanofluids is discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Properties of Different Graphene Nanomaterials in Biological Media

et al. 2022

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Carbon nanomaterials have received increased attention in the last few years due to their potential applications in several areas. In medicine, for example, these nanomaterials could be used as contrast agents, drug transporters, and tissue regenerators or in gene therapy. This makes it necessary to know the behavior of carbon nanomaterials in biological media to assure good fluidity and the absence of deleterious effects on human health. In this work, the rheological characterization of different graphene nanomaterials in fetal bovine serum and other fluids, such as bovine serum albumin and water, is studied using rotational and microfluidic chip rheometry. Graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, and expanded graphene oxide at concentrations between 1 and 3 mg/mL and temperatures in the 25–40 °C range were used. The suspensions were also characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the results show a high tendency to aggregation and reveals that there is a protein–nanomaterial interaction. Although rotational rheometry is customarily used, it cannot provide reliable measurements in low viscosity samples, showing an apparent shear thickening, whereas capillary viscometers need transparent samples; therefore, microfluidic technology appears to be a suitable method to measure low viscosity, non-transparent Newtonian fluids, as it is able to determine small variations in viscosity. No significant changes in viscosity are found within the solid concentration range studied but it decreases between 1.1 and 0.6 mPa·s when the temperature raises from 25 to 40 °C.

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Rheologic Behavior of Bovine Calf Serum

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Adverse loading effects on tribocorrosive degradation of 28 mm metal-on-metal hip replacement bearings

Adverse loading effects on tribocorrosive degradation of 28 mm metal-on-metal hip replacement bearings

In Vitro Wear Behavior of Knee Implants at Different Load Levels: The Impact of the Test Fluid

Rheological Properties of Different Graphene Nanomaterials in Biological Media

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