Rheokinetic cure characterization of epoxy–anhydride polymer system with shape memory characteristics

Biju, R.; Nair, C. P. Reghunadhan; Gouri, C.; Ninan, K. N.

doi:10.1007/s10973-011-1984-9

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similar versatility exists also for anhydride cured EPs [ 20 ] albeit anhydrides were less frequently used compared to amine for EP curing [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The possible reason behind this fact is that the E g / E r ratio is much lower for anhydride-cured than for amine-cured version.…”

Section: One-way Dual-shape Memory Epoxy (Ep) Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites

Karger‐Kocsis

Kéki

2017

Polymers

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Shape memory polymer (SMP) is capable of memorizing one or more temporary shapes and recovering successively to the permanent shape upon various external stimuli. Beside of the above mentioned one-way variants, also two-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory (SM) systems exist which feature a reversible shape change on the basis of "on-off switching" of the external stimulus. The preparation, properties and modelling of shape memory epoxy resins (SMEP), SMEP foams and composites have been surveyed in this exhaustive review article. The underlying mechanisms and characteristics of SM were introduced. Emphasis was put to show new strategies on how to tailor the network architecture and morphology of EPs to improve their SM performance. To produce SMEPs novel preparation techniques, such as electrospinning, ink printing, solid-state foaming, were tried. The potential of SMEPs and related systems as multifunctional materials has been underlined. Added functionality may include, among others, self-healing, sensing, actuation, porosity control, recycling. Recent developments in the modelling of SMEPs were also highlighted. Based on the recent developments some open topics were deduced which are merit of investigations in future works.

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Section: One-way Dual-shape Memory Epoxy (Ep) Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites

Karger‐Kocsis

Kéki

2017

Polymers

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“…The curing kinetics of epoxy compositions can be studied using various research methods . DSC is one of the most popular tools for studying curing kinetics of epoxy oligomers .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The curing kinetics of epoxy compositions can be studied using various research methods. [22][23][24] DSC is one of the most popular tools for studying curing kinetics of epoxy oligom-ers. [25][26][27][28][29][30] The kinetics of curing reaction of epoxy anhydride compounds catalyzed by tertiary amines was examined in depth elsewhere 31 using model-fitting non-isothermal DSC, which is simple and convenient method of calculation of the apparent activation energy values.…”

Section: Kinetics Investigation Using Dsc Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and mechanistic investigation of epoxy-anhydride compositions cured with quaternary phosphonium salts as accelerators

Amirova

Бурилов

Бауер

et al. 2015

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Mechanism and curing kinetics of bisphenol A epoxy resin-iso-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride compositions using quaternary phosphonium salts as accelerators were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electrospray mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS). The DSC method was applied to investigate curing kinetics and apparent activation energy values for the overall curing process. The DSC results showed that some of the phosphonium salts lead to a lower activation energy, that means they are more effective accelerators for the curing of epoxy-anhydride systems. The mechanism of curing was studied by ESI-MS using the model reaction of epichlorohydrin (E) with phthalic anhydride (PA) in the presence of phosphonium salts or 2-methylimidazole. Products containing the alkyl moiety of the phosphonium salt in form of alkyl esters could be identified. This suggests that the phosphonium salts activate the anhydride by electrophilic attack.

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“…Moreover, main-chain type poly(benzoxazine-co-urethane)s [30] and poly(benzoxazine-co-sulfones)s [31] have been successfully synthesized to modify the brittleness of polybenzoxazines. The telechelic polybenzoxazines with thermoplastic oligomers as a backbone were also found to be more efficient in improving the toughness of this kind of thermoset [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, curing behavior, and thermal properties of fluorene-based benzoxazine-endcapped copoly(ether ketone ketone)s

Wang

Feng

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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A series of fluorene-based benzoxazine-endcapped copoly(ether ketone ketone)s (co-PEKKs) were successfully synthesized, in which the co-PEKKs were prepared with different molar ratios of 2,7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone to bisphenol-A. The obtained phenol-ended coPEKKs reacted with formaldehyde and n-butylamine to yield the benzoxazine-endcapped co-PEKKs (B-PEKKs). The structure of these oligomers was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the molecular mass of these phenol-ended co-PEKKs was detected by gel permeation chromatography. The thermal behaviors of these B-PEKKs were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the polymer films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicate that the incorporation of co-PEKKs within the benzoxazine backbone considerably improves the toughness of the fluorene-containing polybenzoxazines without much sacrifice of their thermal properties. Furthermore, as the content of 2,7-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone increases, the T 5 values decrease, while the T g values and char yields of the prepared polymers increase to reach their highest values at 256°C and 64 %, respectively.

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Rheokinetic cure characterization of epoxy–anhydride polymer system with shape memory characteristics

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites

Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites

Kinetics and mechanistic investigation of epoxy-anhydride compositions cured with quaternary phosphonium salts as accelerators

Synthesis, curing behavior, and thermal properties of fluorene-based benzoxazine-endcapped copoly(ether ketone ketone)s

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