Rheoencephalogram Reflects Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Pigs

Bodó, Michael; Pearce, Frederick J.; Albert, Stephen; Armonda, Rocco A.

doi:10.21236/ada473927

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…When CBF AR was present, it was detected by both REG and carotid flow. Following hemorrhage, CBF AR was lost; CF and REG passively followed SAP (Bodo et al, 2007). PEEP after hemorrhage caused loss of CBF AR, may occur during hypotensive resuscitation.…”

Section: Cbf Manipulations On Pigs Several Groups Were Used For Estabmentioning

confidence: 97%

A noninvasive, continuous brain monitoring method: rheoencephalography (REG)

Bodó

2020

DRCSF

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This paper deals with the sustainability under anoxic conditions of human beings, both when healthy, and diseased. As our attention is focused these days on the environment, sustainability, and green energy, a similar effort is being made in neuromonitoring to switch from invasive to noninvasive monitoring methods. Keys to these changes are computerization and shrinking size of electronic hardware. Computerization is going on in all areas of biomedical engineering, both in research and in clinical fields of medicine. In neurology, brain imaging is the most characteristic change in recent decades. These modalities of imaging (MRI, CT, PET scan, etc.) are predominantly utilized for localizing brain pathology. Brain imaging offers great spatial resolution, but poor time resolution. Therefore, for continuous monitoring, neurocritical care departments require an additional tool with good time resolution. There are invasive and noninvasive neuromonitoring methods. The standard method to monitor intracranial pressure (ICP) is an invasive method. Computerization allows for calculating the cerebral blood flow autoregulation (CBF AR) index (pressure reactivity index - PRx) from ICP and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) in real time, continuously, but invasively. The new development, discussed in this paper, is to calculate this index noninvasively by using rheoencephalography (REG), called REGx. We present the road to this invention and summarize multifold REG related results, such as using REG for primary stroke prevention screening, comparison incidence of arteriosclerotic risk factors, various studies by using CBF manipulations, and correlations with other neuromonitoring methods, and validation with in vitro and in vivo methods. REG by using different algorithms allow for real time calculation of autoregulated blood flow. This paper presents results of validation of CBF algorithms as an effective, noninvasive method. The author’s intent is to supply sufficient physiological background information. This review covers the author’s research efforts over several decades; it pertains multiple studies and has an updated addition to human sustainability by considering that Covid-19 is increasing stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Cbf Manipulations On Pigs Several Groups Were Used For Estabmentioning

confidence: 97%

A noninvasive, continuous brain monitoring method: rheoencephalography (REG)

Bodó

2020

DRCSF

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“…The potential anatomical substrate of this relationship is the vascular endothelium, which plays an essential role in regulation of cerebral blood flow--a fine tuned mechanism. Although the measurement of cerebrovascular reactivity by REG has been known for decades, it was recently documented that REG reflects cerebral blood flow autoregulation [13]. This fact explains findings where cerebral blood flow changes were detected by REG during transcendental meditation [14] and eye opening and closing [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Correlation of cerebrovascular disorder and anxiety: The Kecskemet study

Sipos

Bodó²,

Szalay

et al. 2010

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In order to test the hypothesis that anxiety is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, specifically stroke, we simultaneously measured anxiety and cerebral vascular alternation, using a computer-based system, "Cerberus." Sixty nine psychiatric patients (including an alcoholic subgroup) were selected as subjects for measurements conducted in Kecskemet, Hungary. The five-item short form of anxiety test (STAI) was administered twice during the same session. Between each test, brain pulse waves were recorded by rheoencephalogram (REG). A REG peak time above 180 milliseconds was considered a cerebrovascular alteration (modified after Jenkner). Data were sorted into two groups: low anxiety (N=10) and high anxiety (N=10). Significant differences were found between cardiovascular risk factors (p< 0.001), REG peak time (p<0.043), and heart rate (p< 0.045). Six subjects showed cerebrovascular alteration in the high anxiety group, and two in the low anxiety group. For the two anxiety groups, there were no significant differences in body mass index, cardiovascular sympathetic-parasympathetic balance, age and symptoms of transient ischemic attack. The correlation of REG and age was significantly different only for the alcoholic subgroup (Szalay et al, 2007). These data support the hypothesis that a correlation exists between cerebrovascular disorder and anxiety in the studied population.

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“…It is necessary to mention another direction for application of TCD and REG recordings .Although REG alone can be used to monitor cerebrovascular reactivity as in the case for studying human reaction to microgravity [10] and for the study of cerebrovascular autoregulation [26] the combined use of TCD and REG allows monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity much more exactly, because the combination. during the post surgical period.…”

Section: Modern Methodology Of Reg Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2015

International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technolog

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The reoencephalographic method (REG) has been known for a number of decades. The history of this method includes loss of its popularity, years of oblivion and a second wave of recognition. Such a tumultuous history is common for methods based on physical principles, such as capacitance and resistance, when applied to physiology and medicine prior to serious preliminary investigations to establish indices for living tissues common to natural subjects. In this case because blood characterize by comparatively low electrical resistance it was concluded that the volume of blood and its circulatory processes could be monitored by this method. In reality this proved to be an over simplification. In particular, applying such methods to issues of cerebral circulation did not provide any significant understanding for medicine. Years passed before it was understood that CSF circulation played a significant role within the cranial cavity and that the REG signal reflected not only blood volume but also the volume of distribution between blood and CSF. Additionally it was found that the electrical conductivity of blood depends on its velocity of movement. These factors together with progress in electronics and application of computer techniques which allow for coupling of REG with other methods have given a "second birth" to the REG method which can become important to physiology and medicine. The new "face" of REG is introduced in the present paper.

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Rheoencephalogram Reflects Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Pigs

Cited by 5 publications

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A noninvasive, continuous brain monitoring method: rheoencephalography (REG)

A noninvasive, continuous brain monitoring method: rheoencephalography (REG)

Correlation of cerebrovascular disorder and anxiety: The Kecskemet study

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