Rheo-SAXS characterization of lead-treated oils: Understanding the influence of lead driers on artistic oil paint’s flow properties

Multiscale organisation of lead carboxylates in artistic oil binders

“…Rheology of saponified oils have previously been investigated and presented in detail in ref. 5 The main results obtained for linseed oils + PbO 17 and 50 mol% (leading respectively to saponification rates t S of 18 AE 2% and 59 AE 4%) are summarized below and the behavior of oils with higher saponification rate (57 mol%, t S = 72 AE 1) is described. Linseed oil + PbO 50 mol% exhibited viscoelastic properties whereas viscous behavior predominated in the linseed oil + PbO 17 mol% sample, as the storage modulus G 0 was lower than the loss modulus G 00 over the entire strain range tested (see Fig.…”

“…The presence of metallic soaps significantly modifies the oils' properties, not only their drying capacity but also their rheological properties (viscosity, viscoelasticity). [3][4][5] The painters could therefore adjust the consistency and workability of their oils to suit their needs. 6,7 The kinetics of oxidation and cross-linking of the triglycerides, which are necessary steps for the formation of a solid and durable film, are accelerated by the Table 1 Names and formulas of the main aliphatic chains of vegetable oil triglycerides used in paint.…”

Unveiling the Secrets of an Artwork through Non-Invasive Investigations—Case Study of a 19th-Century Female Portrait

“…Moreover, it cannot determine where the lead signal is coming from [11], and given the fact that lead was found in all analyzed areas, the signal may be coming from an underlayer [18,19]. Also, based on the fact that the painting in question is an oil painting, it could have been used as a drier for the binder [20]. So, the presence of the lead lines could be due to one or more of the previously mentioned reasons.…”

Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Monitor the Curing of Drying Oils

“…The sol–gel transition associated with polymer network formation makes the most common approaches to measuring the mechanical properties of this film impractical to use. Rheology is most ideally used on liquid-like samples and has been used to understand the flow and application properties of paints and drying oils with an emphasis on the effects of historic preparation recipes for these oils. − Tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and micro/nano-indentation can be used to investigate the mechanical properties of dried films, but the samples must be solid in order to be measured, making these techniques not feasible to use on oil films that have not reached an initial state of cure. ,− …”