Rhein: A novel antibacterial compound against Streptococcus mutans infection

Folliero, Veronica; Dell’Annunziata, Federica; Roscetto, Emanuela; Amato, Alessandra; Gasparro, Roberta; Zannella, Carla; Casolaro, Vincenzo; Filippis, Anna De; Catania, Maria Rosaria; Franci, Gianluigi; Galdiero, Massimiliano

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2022.127062

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…No studies have reported data on the degradation of mature S. aureus biofilm. Our past results has reported Rhein's ability to disrupt S. mutans biofilm with minimal biofilm eradication concentrations inducing 50% values of 6.31 µg/mL [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Our previous study showed that this compound altered the growth of S. mutans, showing MIC 90 values of 5.69 µg/mL. Moreover, SEM data revealed that the natural product affected the integrity of the wall, inducing the formation of irregular, rough and non-uniform surfaces [23]. Yu et al proved that Rhein exhibited a bacteriostatic action on S. aureus at a concentration of 8 µg/mL, impairing the gene expression involved in anaerobic respiration, fermentation, iron-regulated surface determinants and ribonucleotide reductase systems [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, Rhein's antibacterial potential has been proven against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc. [23][24][25][26]. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial potential of Rhein against standard and clinical isolated S. aureus strains in the planktonic and biofilm state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthraquinone Rhein Exhibits Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represents an important pathogen of clinical relevance, causing a wide variety of symptoms. The broad distribution of multidrug-resistant strains necessarily demands new antibacterial agents for the treatment of S. aureus infections. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of plant-derived compounds, pure 4,5″-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (Rhein), against standard and clinical isolated S. aureus strains. The hemolysis and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to determine the cytotoxicity on human erythrocytes and bronchial epithelial cells after treatment with Rhein. The antibacterial effect was assessed via disk diffusion test, broth microdilution methods, time-killing assays and live–dead evaluation (50–0.39 µg/mL). Rhein effect on the hemolytic activity of α-toxin and catalase were estimated. Moreover, crystal violet (CV) assay evaluated its impact on biofilm biomass. The compound exhibited 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% hemolysis concentration (EC50) of 43.6 and >50 µg/mL, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Rhein was 12.5 µg/mL for all tested strains, exerting bacteriostatic action. MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of Rhein significantly reduced hemolytic and catalase activities, impairing the major virulence factors of S. aureus strains. Rhein also reduced biofilm biomass in a dose-dependent manner, reaching rates of about 50% eradication at a dose of 50 µg/mL. These findings suggest that Rhein could represent a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of S. aureus infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthraquinone Rhein Exhibits Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

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“…Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with the presence of microorganisms and sustained by host-mediated immune-inflammatory response [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], consequently establishing itself within periodontal tissues and causing their destruction with clinical attachment loss and bone loss [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] until tooth loss [ 9 ]. The inflammation of periodontal tissues, along with the dysbiotic phenomena of the periodontal microbiome [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], would also appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic conditions and disorders of degenerative inflammatory and neoplastic nature [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], which, in turn, could influence the onset and, more importantly, the progression of periodontitis. The rate of progression of periodontitis is primarily estimated through both direct clinical and radiographic evidence of periodontal destruction assessed over time and indirect evidence related to biofilm accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation on Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Status: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Since smoking is considered among the main risk factors for the onset and progression of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, the present systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on clinical, radiographic, and gingival crevicular periodontal parameters around natural teeth and dental implants in ex-smokers compared to current and non-smokers. The study protocol was developed based on the PRISMA guidelines, the research question was formulated according to the PICO model, and the literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and BioMed Central databases. From the 916 title/abstracts initially identified, seven articles were included in the present systematic review and assessed for quality through the ROBINS-I tool. Reported findings on clinical and crevicular periodontal parameters around natural teeth were contrasting when comparing ex-smokers to current and non-smokers; thus, individualized recommendations for previous smoker periodontal patients are currently lacking. No data on radiographic parameters were retrieved. Similarly, data on periodontal parameters around dental implants were not available, highlighting the need for focused investigations assessing the role of both smoking habit and cessation on peri-implant health status and responsiveness to treatment.

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“…Streptococcus mutans is the most prevalent microorganism in dental biofilm [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], this Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium has the capacity for acidogenicity, aciduricity, acid tolerance, and ability to synthesize the extracellular matrix of the dental plaque [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Primary responsible for the generation of dental caries [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], the second most prevalent chronic disease worldwide [ 34 ] considered as the higher global health problem since it affects multiple groups old [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Study at the Molecular Mechanics Level of the Interaction of Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol with the Antibiotic Receptors Present in Enterococcus faecalis (Q839F7) and Streptococcus mutans (Q8DS20)

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When dental infections occur, various types of antibiotics are used to combat them. The most common antibiotics to be used are tetracycline and chloramphenicol; likewise, the most common bacteria in dental infections are Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. In the present work, we have studied by molecular mechanics methods the interactions of the ribosomal proteins L16 present in Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans, identified with UNIPROT code Q839F7 and Q8DS20, respectively. We evaluated the interactions between Q839F7 and Q8DS20 with tetracycline and chloramphenicol antibiotics. We found that the interaction between Enterococcus faecalis (Q839F7) is much more favorable when treated with chloramphenicol. In contrast, the interaction with tetracycline is favored in the case of Q8DS20 present in Streptococcus mutans. This suggests that the treatment should be differentiated depending on the infection level and the presence of some of these bacteria.

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Rhein: A novel antibacterial compound against Streptococcus mutans infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

Anthraquinone Rhein Exhibits Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Anthraquinone Rhein Exhibits Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Smoking Cessation on Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Status: A Systematic Review

Theoretical Study at the Molecular Mechanics Level of the Interaction of Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol with the Antibiotic Receptors Present in Enterococcus faecalis (Q839F7) and Streptococcus mutans (Q8DS20)

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