RHD Genotyping of Rh-Negative and Weak D Phenotype among Blood Donors in Southeast Iran

Sadeghi-Bojd, Younes; Amirizadeh, Naser; Oodi, Arezoo

doi:10.18502/ijhoscr.v15i4.7476

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A study conducted by Khosroshahi et al in 2019 in Iran on 200 RHD negative individuals showed that 99% of them were homozygous for the complete deletion of the RHD gene, and the remaining 1% could not be identified with the serological reagents used in that study due to weak and partial RHD variants ( 23 ). Also, in another study conducted in Iran in 2021 on 200 subjects, 99% of the RHD negative cases had the mechanism of homozygous deletion of the RHD gene and nonfunctional variants were observed in 1% of cases ( 24 ). These results suggest that RHD negative phenotype in the majority of individuals is the result of the deletion of the whole RHD gene, and the frequency of nonfunctional RHD variants, such as pseudogenes, is very low in the Iranian population, and they are very unlikely to be included in the study as RHD negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal RHD Status Using Cell-free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma

Ahmadi¹,

Pourfathollah²,

Rabiei³

et al. 2022

JRI

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Background: The main cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is the incompatibility of the RHD antigen between mother and fetus. Following the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping also became possible, which will help in the better management of immunized RHD negative mothers and in the targeted prenatal injection of Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIG). The objective of this study was to establish a reliable method with high accuracy to determine the fetal RHD genotype. Methods: The project was a prospective observational cohort study. After cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extraction from maternal plasma, fetal RHD genotyping was performed by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and exons 5, 7, and 10 of the RHD gene were examined. SRY and RASSF1A genes were used as internal controls to confirm the presence of cffDNA in maternal plasma. Results: Out of 40 samples, 33 were RhD positive heterozygous mothers and 7 cases were RHD negative. In three cases where both the fetal RHD and SRY genotypes were negative, RASSF1A was amplified in cell-free DNA sample treated with the BstUI enzyme, and the presence of cffDNA was confirmed. Conclusion: The findings reveal that the strategy used in this study is reliable and it is possible to determine the fetal RHD status with high accuracy. The strategy can help targeted injection of RhIG and prevent unnecessary injection in RhD negative mothers who carry an RhD negative fetus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal RHD Status Using Cell-free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma

Ahmadi¹,

Pourfathollah²,

Rabiei³

et al. 2022

JRI

Self Cite

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“…The significance of RhD blood group in clinical blood transfusion is second only to ABO blood group. Severe transfusion reactions may occur if the blood of RhD positive or weak D donors is transfused into RhD negative donors 16 . Although the detection rate of UAb in the population is not high, it is one of the main reasons for HTRss, hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), difficulty in blood group identification and in blood cross matching 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and application of suspension static method in blood group screening of automated blood group analyzer

Huang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The accuracy of blood group identification is the basis of blood transfusion safety. In order to increase the detection rate of weak agglutination, unexpected antibodies (UAb) and blood subtypes for pre-transfusion testing, the blood group screening process of automated blood group analyzer (ABGA) is ameliorated by introducing one static step and establishing a suspension static method (SSM). One static step was introduced in the blood group screening process of ABGA and three static time conditions were designed: 300 s, 400 s and 500 s, from which the optimal static time was selected and SSM was established; By comparing the detection of weak agglutination and UAb before and after the application of SSM, the feasibility and effect of suspension static method were verified and evaluated. The last two steps of the automatic blood group screening process were replaced with static, light centrifugation and imaging. The optimal static time parameter was selected as 400 s and SSM was established; After the application of SSM, it was verified that: (1) The detection level of weak antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) and weak antigens (weak D phenotype) could be improved by SSM, including antibodies in plasma of known type O samples with 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 times serial dilutions(simulating weak anti-A and weak anti-B), weak antibodies (anti-B) in plasma of one normal A-type sample and weak antigens on red blood cells (RBC) of 5 weak D phenotype samples (weak D antigen); (2) Three blood donor samples (type A, O and B) with known UAb were detected by SSM. The results showed that SSM could detect both weak antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) and UAb; (3) SSM was applied to detect the samples of 3 A2B and 3 subtype B blood donors and the blood subtypes could be clearly detected; (4) The number of screening samples was 95,314 and 106,814 before SSM (2018) and after (2020) the application of SSM and the positive rate of UAb (63/95,314 and 187/106,814) increased after SSM, discrepancy of which was statistically significant (χ2 = 48.42, P < 0.01). The above results demonstrate that SSM of ABGA is conducive to the detection of weak agglutination, UAb and blood subtypes in blood samples, which can improve the sensitivity of blood group detection and ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion to a certain extent.

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RHD Genotyping of Rh-Negative and Weak D Phenotype among Blood Donors in Southeast Iran

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal RHD Status Using Cell-free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma

Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal RHD Status Using Cell-free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma

Establishment and application of suspension static method in blood group screening of automated blood group analyzer

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