Rhabdoid renal tumor: an aggressive embryonal tumor in an infant — a case report

Abstract

Background Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is the most aggressive childhood renal tumor. A preoperative diagnosis is critical in order to correctly establish a therapeutic strategy and a full metastatic workup. Case presentation We report on a 3-month-old case with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal distension treated surgically with adjuvant chemotherapy. The diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively. Relapse was quick, and the child died 5 months after surgical resection. Conclusions Rhabdoid renal tumor in young age is associated with a high mortality rate even with invasive strategies. Case reports and research are critical for evaluating existing protocols and improving prognosis. Diverse clinical trials are being conducted in the hopes of improving the prognosis of rhabdoid renal tumors.

Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney in Children: A Case Report

“…A pan CT showed fungating lobulated heterogeneously enhancing right renal mass measures 7.319.1 × 7.8, shows areas of cystic degeneration, no calcification, involving renal parenchyma and pelvicalyceal system, extends extrarenal and crosses the midline, inseparable from right psoas muscle, abutting and displacing the aorta, compresses the IVC. malignant rhabdoid tumor, and carcinoma make up the remaining 25% [6].…”

“…The International Incidence of pediatric Cancer study's database shows that it accounts for 2% of all pediatric kidney malignancies [4,6].…”

“…The tumor arises during the perinatal period, the first year of life, and in certain older individuals. It affects males more than females (1.5:1), with the average age at diagnosis being around 18 months [4,6].…”

“…One significant prognostic factor that was previously overlooked is age at diagnosis. Patients diagnosed before one year of age face a poor prognosis and are more likely to develop CNS tumors; those diagnosed after one year of age have a somewhat better prognosis [3,6].…”

“…Common symptoms at presentation include gross hematuria and abdominal masses as well as metastases to the lymph nodes, lungs, peritoneum, liver, and central nervous system. Also, can present with hypercalcemia from elevated serum parathormone levels, abdominal distension or pain, fussiness, and fever [4,6,7].…”