RGD Peptide‐Based Target Drug Delivery of Doxorubicin Nanomedicine

Abstract

Preclinical Research Doxorubicin (DOX) is commonly used for the treatment of breast cancer and lymphoma. However, its clinical use has been severely limited due to cardiotoxicity, requiring the development of safer and more efficient pharmaceutical formulations of DOX. Advances in nanotechnology have provided new ways to administer chemotherapeutic drugs like DOX are conveyed into the body and to tumor sites. These Nanotechnology approaches have aided in the selective accumulation of DOX into tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention. However, the absence of active targeting ligands still hinders the effective delivery of DOX. Among all active targeting ligands developed to date, RGD peptide (Arginylglycylaspartic acid) occupies a unique position owing to its inherent safety, biocompatibility, and targeting ability. Accordingly, modification of DOX with RGD ligand is anticipated to improve transport of DOX into tumor cells. In this review, we discuss using RGD peptide for improving the therapeutic efficacy of DOX nanomedicine. Drug Dev Res 78 : 283–291, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Effectiveness of Combined Drug Delivery Systems

“…Mitoxantrone is one anticancer agent that is already in use in the clinic since the past. Now, this is combined with covalent to improve efficiency [22][23][24][25] . Redox-triggered MTO prodrug performs a controlled drug release and improves the therapeutic effect.…”

“…This combination can maintain cytotoxicity and improve pharmacokinetic properties. The most promising inhibitor is tariquidar as this can sensitize those resistant cell lines and control the overexpression of P-gp 22,24,39,40 .…”

Peptide-based Drug Delivery for Curing Cancer

“…While the natural structure is advantageous, the mimetic version of RGD can improve stability and affinity. The other famous structure of RGD is cyclic which targets the ligands and binds its relationship with integrin [30][31][32][33] . In the field of biomedicine, many biologists face difficulties in the penetration of internal cells and this is feasible with the cell penetrating peptide in place.…”

“…This also improves the resistance of the affected patient and turns dormant cells invisible. Peptide treatment with the co-delivery of 5-Fu and Dox can promise a better choice of cancer therapy 30,32 .…”

Peptide Conjugated Lipid Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery

“…Some of them suffer nuclease degradation or have a low permeability. Off-target effects result in increased cytotoxicity 15,[26][27][28][29][30] . Target binding affinity is low which means more drug would be needed to ensure that the target cells are reached.…”