Intr"ducti"nThis chapter proposes an approach that can improve the identification of patients, products, equipment and so on in a hospital. The aim is to better the management of the clinical risk by automating the process through the use of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID). The clinical risk management refers to the procedures for avoiding risks associated with direct patient care. It is the analysis about the probability of a patient being victim of an adverse event or inconvenience resulted, although involuntary, from improper medical care provided during the hospitalization. Research defines that the common denominator of almost all adverse clinical events is the lack of the patient traceability. In the specific context of a hospital, "traceability of patients" means managing a whole set of input and output data related to those processes defined as critical for clinical facilities. In this work we will discuss a model to archive and manipulate data concerning the proposed system. RFID is, in fact, identified as a method for storing and retrieving data remotely by using small and cheap devices called RFID tags or transponders. For applying this technology in hospital environment it is necessary to build a network of these objects, each one with a unique number. So, only if there is a valid model to manage the produced output, one can easily retrieve information and realize an interesting use case. In the proposed model, the adoption of an active instrument for automatic patient identification and assistance can be considered as the central entity of the process: "medical treatment of a patient", this includes potentially every activity from initial consultation through discharge of a surgical patient. In particular, this approach allows for simplifying the reality in terms of observable entities and supporting a higher degree of interconnection among those sections that traditionally are called "functional areas" of the hospital organization. Indeed, a lot of different actors characterize a clinical environment and the use of RFID seems to be capable to track all of them and optimize their interaction (Liao et al., 2006). The proposed RFID applications are targeted to the: Verification of positive patient identification. This is realized by means of a smart wristband for each patient. The tag contains information about the patient name, date of * corresponding author 4 www.intechopen.com
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization -Focus on Applications 54birth, surgical information, allergic reactions, medication requirement, blood type, health condition; Monitoring of surgical equipment before and after the operations. This application is aimed to grant a more efficient knowledge of the hospital instrument thus avoiding the stealing and misuse of equipment; Asset identification, such as blood transfusion, pharmaceutical units, charts and specimen; Bed inventory; Tracking of hospital staff and patients. Scientific works demonstrate, in fact, that geographical location of transponders is realizable by...