RF plasma-enhanced graphene–polymer composites as hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Çoğal, Sadık; Calió, Laura; Çoğal, Gamze Çelik; Salado, Manuel; Kazim, Samrana; Öksüz, Lütfi; Ahmad, Shahzada; Öksüz, Ayşegül Uygun

doi:10.1007/s00289-018-2275-4

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…PCEs are notorious for degrading (via e.g., light-induced degradation [185,186], humidity [187,188], and perovskite-metal reactions due to interdiffusion [189,190]), and even the best PSCs have lifetimes of only thousands of hours [191]. Graphene has been used as a stabilizing agent as, e.g., a protective layer [192][193][194], and transport layer [195][196][197][198][199] and electrode material [200][201][202][203].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

Mustonen

Mackenzie

Lipsanen

2020

Front. Optoelectron.

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Graphene is a two-dimensional material showing excellent properties for utilization in transparent electrodes; it has low sheet resistance, high optical transmission and is flexible. Whereas the most common transparent electrode material, tin-doped indium-oxide (ITO) is brittle, less transparent and expensive, which limit its compatibility in flexible electronics as well as in low-cost devices. Here we review two large-area fabrication methods for graphene based transparent electrodes for industry: liquid exfoliation and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We discuss the basic methodologies behind the technologies with an emphasis on optical and electrical properties of recent results. State-of-the-art methods for liquid exfoliation have as a figure of merit an electrical and optical conductivity ratio of 43:5, slightly over the minimum required for industry of 35, while CVD reaches as high as 419.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

Mustonen

Mackenzie

Lipsanen

2020

Front. Optoelectron.

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“…Cogal et al reported graphene-based polymer composites as HTL. [9] Recently, transition metal oxides such as WO 3 , owing to its high work functions, high carrier mobility, and excellent thermal stability are being used as HTLs. [8] Comprehensive studies on metal oxide based HTLs suggest that hybrid organic-inorganic composites can be promising candidates as injecting carriers from perovskite absorber to electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composites prepared through rf rotating modification are advantageous due to solvent-free, nontoxic, and wellcontrolled deposition. [9,[30][31][32] The fabricated PSCs architect and energy level diagram using WO 3 as charge selective layer is shown (Figure 1a & b). Four different machine learning algorithms were used to build the models for UV-Vis spectra, J-V and external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cogal et al . reported graphene‐based polymer composites as HTL [9] . Recently, transition metal oxides such as WO 3 , owing to its high work functions, high carrier mobility, and excellent thermal stability are being used as HTLs [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A library of composites including tungsten trioxide‐polyaniline (WO 3 ‐PANI), tungsten trioxide‐poly( N ‐methylaniline) (WO 3 ‐PMANI), tungsten trioxide‐poly(2‐fluoroaniline) (WO 3 ‐PFANI), tungsten trioxide‐polythiophene (WO 3 ‐PTh), tungsten trioxide‐polyfuran (WO 3 ‐PFu), tungsten trioxide‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (WO 3 ‐PEDOT) were prepared using a rotating capacitively‐coupled rf plasma process. The composites prepared through rf rotating modification are advantageous due to solvent‐free, nontoxic, and well‐controlled deposition [9,30–32] . The fabricated PSCs architect and energy level diagram using WO 3 as charge selective layer is shown (Figure 1a & b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Machine Learning Approach for Metal Oxide Based Polymer Composites as Charge Selective Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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A library of metal oxide-conjugated polymer composites was synthesized, encompassing of WO3-polyaniline (PANI), WO3poly(N-methylaniline) (PMANI), WO3-poly(2-fluoroaniline) (PFANI), WO3-polythiophene (PTh), WO3-polyfuran (PFu) and WO3-poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). These composites were probed as hole selective layers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabrication. We adopted machine learning approaches to predict and compare PSCs performances with the developed WO3 and its composites. The experimental and theoretical results are coherent, when the electrooptical properties of PSC were computed. Notably, for the evaluation of PSCs performance, decision tree model is the ideal for WO3-PEDOT composite, while random forest model was found to be suitable for WO3-PMANI, WO3-PFANI, WO3-PFu. While in the case for WO3, WO3-PANI and WO3-PTh, K Nearest Neighbors model was appropriate. Machine learning models can be a pioneering prediction models for the PSCs performance and its validation.

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Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Recent advancements in technology have inevitably led to a significant increase in the global energy demand, whose traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy, are failing to meet needs due to their nonrenewable nature and consequent depletion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, fossil fuels and nuclear energy are major sources of environmental pollution, which is responsible for unfavorable global warming and climate change. [7][8][9] Hence, there has been considerable research interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, due to its natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature. [10][11][12] In this regard, solar energy is most commonly converted into electricity by making use of the first-generation solar cells, i.e., crystalline silicon solar cells, that are now commercially available, with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of above 26% [13,14] and superior environmental stability. [15] However, the largescale production of silicon-based solar cells is restricted by their high production cost, complicated fabrication procedures, rigidity, [16,17] and PCE, which is almost close to the theoretical limit of %29.4%. [18] As a result, the second-generation solar cells, i.e., thin-film solar cells, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, [19][20][21] and the third-generation solar cells, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been developed by using simple and low-cost fabrication procedures. Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Thus, metal halide perovskites are emerging semiconductor materials, described by the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ; MA), formamidinium (CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 þ ; FA), caesium (Cs þ ), or rubidium (Rb þ ); B is a divalent metal cation, such as lead (Pb 2þ ), tin (Sn 2þ ), or germanium (Ge 2þ ); and X is a halide anion, such as iodide (I À ), bromide (Br À ), or chloride (Cl À ).

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RF plasma-enhanced graphene–polymer composites as hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry

A Machine Learning Approach for Metal Oxide Based Polymer Composites as Charge Selective Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

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