RF Lens-Embedded Antenna Array for mmWave MIMO: Design and Performance

Cho, Yae Jee; Suk, Gee-Yong; Kim, Byoungnam; Kim, Dong Ku; Chae, Chan-Byoung

doi:10.1109/mcom.2018.1701019

Cited by 70 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At mmWave frequencies, the only constraint i.e. size, is no more a problem [20]. One can argue that the size of a lens at mmWave frequencies is more practical compared to lower frequencies since it offers a high directivity as well as a fairly controllable integration with the mmWave electronics.…”

Section: Lens Based Beamformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constant-${\epsilon}_{r}$ Lens Beamformer for Low-Complexity Millimeter-Wave Hybrid MIMO

Abbasi

Fusco

Tataria

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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It is well established that the utilization of unused millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum is inevitable due to unavailability of required bandwidth in the conventional RF band to support the high data demands of 5G. Large antenna arrays with beamforming capabilities are required to compensate for the high path-loss at mmWave frequencies. We are at the verge of a massive mmWave radio front-end deployment and low-complexity low-cost hardware beamforming solutions are required now at this stage than ever before. In this work, one such solution is demonstrated and analyzed. A high performance and low-complexity lens based beamformer consisting of constant dielectric material (r) with antenna-feeds is presented for multibeams operation. A prototype is developed based on the classical synthesis approach, and in line with the requirements of mmWave hybrid multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. A characterization at 28 GHz is performed wherein uplink signal-to-noise-ratio of user terminals is evaluated with the zero-forcing (ZF) baseband signal processing. Radiation performance of a single source beamformer is measured in an anechoic environment and end-to-end ergodic sum spectral efficiency performance is estimated based on the measured data. It is shown that the constantr based beamformer solution is simple, yet significantly outperforms conventional antenna array beamformers with analog phase shifter network, making it a promising candidate for future hybrid massive MIMO systems.

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Section: Lens Based Beamformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constant-${\epsilon}_{r}$ Lens Beamformer for Low-Complexity Millimeter-Wave Hybrid MIMO

Abbasi

Fusco

Tataria

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…In Fig. 2, we present the actual antenna radiation pattern in vertical polarization of a 28 GHz mmWave lens antenna [11], [12]. We approximate this actual measured pattern to a normal distribution probability density function (pdf) [13] as N ∼ (µ θ , σ θ 2 ) where µ θ = 180 • , σ θ = 50 • .…”

Section: B Antenna Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(10) is derived by the properties of the Rayleigh small-scale fading, h 0 , h i,j ∼ exp (1), and defining s = T /(P t G(θ 0 ) (r 0 )). Finally, due to the independence of the variable I LoS and I NLoS , we can use the property of the Laplace transform to derive (10) as (11). For both the randomly placed and clustered vehicles, we can derive the LoS interference, i.e.…”

Section: Downlink Coverage Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

V2X Downlink Coverage Analysis with a Realistic Urban Vehicular Model

Cho

Huang

Chae

2018

2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)

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As the realization of vehicular communication such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) is imperative for the autonomous driving cars, the understanding of realistic vehicle-to-everything (V2X) models is needed. While previous research has mostly targeted vehicular models in which vehicles are randomly distributed and the variable of carrier frequency was not considered, a more realistic analysis of the V2X model is proposed in this paper. We use a one-dimensional (1D) Poisson cluster process (PCP) to model a realistic scenario of vehicle distribution in a perpendicular cross line road urban area and compare the coverage results with the previous research that distributed vehicles randomly by Poisson Point Process (PPP). Moreover, we incorporate the effect of different carrier frequencies, mmWave and sub-6 GHz, to our analysis by altering the antenna radiation pattern accordingly. Results indicated that while the effect of clustering led to lower outage, using mmWave had even more significance in leading to lower outage. Moreover, line-of-sight (LoS) interference links are shown to be more dominant in lowering the outage than the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) links even though they are less in number. The analytical results give insight into designing and analyzing the urban V2X channels, and are verified by actual urban area three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing simulation.Index Terms-Urban vehicular models, V2X, downlink coverage, stochastic geometry, 3D ray-tracing.

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“…Fortunately, large antenna arrays have feasible form factors because of the small wavelength in the mmWave band [8], [9]. Full digital baseband (BB) precoding is impractical because of the high power consumption and hardware (HW) costs of radio frequency (RF) chain components in the mmWave band [10]- [12]. Furthermore, analog-only beamforming exhibits a significantly degraded performance in downlink multiuser environments [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Precoding Based on Monopulse Ratio for Millimeter Wave Systems With Limited Feedback

2020

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Multiuser hybrid precoding in 5G NR mmWave communication system faces significant challenges such as establishing accurate directional radio links and maintaining links for mobile stations (MSs) moving in outdoor environments. A conventional solution relies on finite codebook-based beam sweeping for initial first-stage beam acquisition and subsequent second-stage beam tracking by sweeping adjacent beam pairs. However, such a conventional solution has inevitable residual AoA/AoD errors even after the best beam pair is established in the first stage and incurs nonnegligible overheads to sound adjacent beam pairs for maintaining the best beam pair in the second stage. To overcome these problems, a novel codebook-based two-stage solution that combines a novel beam tracking protocol with a low sounding overhead, a unique receiver structure employing a beam scheduler and a beam tester, and a fine accuracy residual AoA/AoD error estimation algorithm based on the monopulse ratio concept is proposed. The solution is unique because of the receiver structure for the residual AoA/AoD error estimation that exploits the cyclic prefix in OFDM systems, inspired by the monopulse ratio in radar systems. Moreover, it can be applied to MSs with a single RF chain. This solution, using the proposed receiver structure and algorithm, can establish a more accurate directional beam pair right after the initial beam sweeping in the first stage. For beam tracking in the second stage, it estimates the residual AoA/AoD errors of the current best beam pair rather than sweeping adjacent beam pairs, thereby reducing beam tracking overheads. Numerical evaluation and computer simulations show that the proposed solution offers more accurate beam acquisition (i.e., average array gain improvement of several dB) and costs considerably reduced beam sounding overheads compared to the conventional solution. Lastly, a ray-tracing tool is used to demonstrate that our solution is effective in practical channel parameters for outdoor environments. INDEX TERMS Monopulse ratio, mmWave, multiuser hybrid precoding, limited feedback, AoA/AoD, beam acquisition, beam tracking, cyclic prefix, OFDM, and single RF chain.

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RF Lens-Embedded Antenna Array for mmWave MIMO: Design and Performance

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

Constant-${\epsilon}_{r}$ Lens Beamformer for Low-Complexity Millimeter-Wave Hybrid MIMO

Constant-${\epsilon}_{r}$ Lens Beamformer for Low-Complexity Millimeter-Wave Hybrid MIMO

V2X Downlink Coverage Analysis with a Realistic Urban Vehicular Model

Hybrid Precoding Based on Monopulse Ratio for Millimeter Wave Systems With Limited Feedback

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