RF Energy Absorption in Human Bodies Due to Wearable Antennas in the 2.4 GHz Frequency Band

Abstract

Human exposure to electromagnetic fields produced by two wearable antennas operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band was assessed by computational tools. Both antennas were designed to be attached to the skin, but they were intended for different applications. The first antenna was designed for off‐body applications, i.e. to communicate with a device placed outside the body, while the second antenna model was optimized to communicate with a device located inside the body. The power absorption in human tissues was determined at several locations of adult male and female body models. The maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) value obtained with the off‐body antenna was found on the torso of the woman model and was equal to 0.037 W/kg at 2.45 GHz. SAR levels increased significantly for the antenna transmitting inside the body. In this case, SAR values ranged between 0.23 and 0.45 W/kg at the same body location. The power absorbed in different body tissues and total power absorbed in the body were also calculated; the maximum total power absorbed was equal to 5.2 mW for an antenna input power equal to 10 mW. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:73–79 © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Wireless technologies, medical applications and future challenges in WBAN: a survey

“…So, one of the principal challenges in WBAN is to reduce the radiations rate [ 157 ]. To minimize the energy absorbed by the human body, the sensors must maintain their power efficiency to maintain a low-power absorption [ 158 ]. Thus, WBAN equipment should be able to run less time and use low power transmission.…”

The Effect of Human Tissue on Field Strength Measurements In Vivo Using a Resonant UHF Cavity‐Backed Slot Antenna

“…The antenna was tuned to 2.45 GHz when placed on the skin of a human torso, and it was developed for gastrointestinal radio pill tracking at 2.45 GHz [Fernández et al, 2018b]. In addition, computation of radiofrequency (RF) energy absorption in human bodies at 2.4 GHz using two on-body antennas for off-body and in-body radiation was presented in Fernández et al [2020].…”