“…It represents, for example, the deflection of a control surface on a wing. The shock can cause a boundary layer separation upstream of the point of impingement of the primary shock, with a secondary shock forming near the separation (Andreopoulos and Muck 1987, Dolling and Or 1983, Horstman et al 1977, Settles et al 1979, Smits and Muck 1987, Zheltovodov et al 1983, Zheltovodov and Yakolev 1986, and Zheltovodov 1996. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations have failed to accurately predict the flow characteristics (Knight and Degrez 1998) such as fluctuating pressure and heat transfer.…”