Reynaldo Alarcón y la historia crítica de la psicología en el Perú

Abstract

La historia de la psicología es una disciplina que se nutre de los aportes de la sociología del conocimiento, la historia de la ciencia y la epistemología; que le brindan una orientación más crítica, cualidad necesaria para su desarrollo objetivo de cara a la realidad social en la que tiene lugar. En el presente artículo revisamos el desarrollo de la historiografía de la psicología, su proceso de institucionalización y su difusión en América Latina, analizando la recepción que ha tenido la historia crítica de la psicología en el Perú, a través de su historiografía, sus representantes, y principalmente de la obra de Reynaldo Alarcón, uno de los máximos exponentes de esta rama en nuestro país.
 Contribución de autoríaLos autores participaron en todo el desarrollo del artículo.

Ten years of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology.

“…This project is fundamental, because in the country of the 60 universities in which psychology is taught, only four have professors who have some degree of specialization in the subject, either by their training or by their academic production. This is a worrying issue because part of the problem regarding a deficient training in the history of psychology at the undergraduate level is that there are no professors in Peru with a real academic vocation for the history of psychology, which has, as a consequence, the dissemination of celebratory or mythical versions of the history of psychology, not only globally, but also nationally (Arias Gallegos, 2010Gallegos, , 2018b. In that sense, much of what has been written as part of the production of the members of the SPHP has made it possible to break the subjective and internalist vision of psychology, toward a more critical and objective perspective; as well as the diversification of the historiographical topics investigated that consider new characters of historical relevance for psychology and the institutional developments of psychology in other regions of the country beyond the capital.…”

“…During the second decade of the present century, psychological historiography began to take off in the provinces, particularly in Arequipa and Trujillo. Thus, in Arequipa, Walter Arias Gallegos published some works on the history of Arequipa psychology (Arias Gallegos, 2016a), and its representative figures such as Honorio Delgado (Arias Gallegos, 2015, 2019b), Juan Gualberto Deán Valdivia (Arias Gallegos, 2018a), Belén Salvatierra (Arias Gallegos, 2019a), César Augusto Guardia Mayorga (Arias Gallegos, 2021), and Carlos Alberto Seguín (Arias Gallegos et al, 2021); while Lucio Portugal published a book on the history of psychology at the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín (UNSA; Portugal, 2014) and Nicolás Paredes (1941–2020) published several articles on the history of psychology at the Universidad Católica de Santa María (Paredes, 2012), psychology congresses in Arequipa (Paredes, 2016), the training of psychologists at UNSA (Paredes, 2014; Paredes & Arias Gallegos, 2018) and the book Historia de la psicología en Arequipa , a work of great relevance for regional historiography was published (Paredes, 2019).…”

“…A transcendental event for the history of psychology in Latin America was the insertion of liberation psychology by the Jesuit Ignacio Martin-Baró (1942–1989), who proposed the development of a Latin American psychology with its own identity and with theoretical developments independent from foreign psychological currents. This current of thought, of Marxist inspiration and linked to liberation theology, greatly stimulated the development of social psychology and incorporated various categories of Marxism, proposing that for Latin American psychology to reach a level of theoretical and practical originality, it must start from a knowledge of reality, which stimulated the historical analysis of psychology in Latin America (Arias Gallegos & Caycho, 2022).…”

“…Then, the historiographic production that has been promoted and carried out within the SPHP and its members will be analyzed with the purpose to inform the global academic community interested in the history of psychology and the advancements made in Psychology (WG-HP) of the Interamerican Society of Psychology (ISP), which was created in 1995, within the framework of the XXV Interamerican Congress of Psychology in Puerto Rico (Gallegos & Pecanha, 2022). In addition, since 1998, the Clío Psyché Meetings of the history of psychology have been held in Rio de Janeiro, and since 1999, the Argentine Meetings on the History of Psychiatry, Psychology and Psychoanalysis have been organized annually (Arias Gallegos & Caycho, 2022). Another notable initiative was the creation of the Rede Iberoamericana de Pesquisadores em História da Psicologia (RIPeHP), which was constituted on November 16, 2010 within the framework of the IX Encuentro Clío-Psyché, under the leadership of Ana María Jacó-Vilela, a Brazilian psychologist who works at the State University of Rio de Janeiro and who has carried out important academic work in social psychology and the history of psychology.…”

Profesionalización de la psicología en Guatemala a mediados del siglo XX página 21

“…Sin embargo, debido al interés por abordar una historia trasnacional de la psicología en América Latina, que no se reduzca a los límites artificiales definidos por las fronteras de un país determinado y el contacto con determinadas fuentes documentales de primera mano (Gallegos, 2018(Gallegos, , 2019, es posible aportar algunos datos que permitan despejar aquella incógnita sobre los inicios de la profesionalización de la psicología en Guatemala. Desde luego, el producto de una historia de la psicología en Guatemala no puede ceñirse exclusivamente a la mera constatación de hechos históricos, en este caso, la organización de un programa profesional, más bien debería comprender el proceso histórico que dio lugar a que una disciplina se convierta en una profesión.…”